Geography ยท Science General

Rocks and Earth Materials

1,291 Questions

Study geographical questions centered around rocks, minerals, and earth materials. The focus is on the formation and identification of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. These earth science topics are commonly tested in civil services and state level examinations.

Igneous rocksSedimentary rocksMetamorphic processEarth materialsGeomorphic symbols

Rocks and Earth Materials Questions

Multiple choice

What is the most common type of meteor?

  1. Stony

  2. Iron

  3. Stony-iron

  4. Glassy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Stony meteorites are the most common type, accounting for about 90% of all meteorites that fall to Earth.

Multiple choice

What is the composition of most meteors?

  1. Iron

  2. Nickel

  3. Stone

  4. Glass
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Most meteors are composed of stone, which is a mixture of minerals and metals.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a common type of lake formed by glacial activity?

  1. Oxbow Lake

  2. Crater Lake

  3. Glacial Lake

  4. Moraine Lake
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Oxbow lakes are formed by the meandering of rivers, not by glacial activity.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a common type of lake formed by volcanic activity?

  1. Oxbow Lake

  2. Crater Lake

  3. Caldera Lake

  4. Maar Lake
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Oxbow lakes are formed by the meandering of rivers, not by volcanic activity.

Multiple choice

Which type of volcano is characterized by a steep-sided cone shape and frequent, explosive eruptions?

  1. Shield volcano

  2. Cinder cone volcano

  3. Composite volcano

  4. Caldera volcano
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Composite volcanoes, also known as stratovolcanoes, are known for their steep-sided cone shape and frequent, explosive eruptions due to the accumulation of alternating layers of lava and ash.

Multiple choice

What is the term for a large, bowl-shaped depression formed by the collapse of a volcano's summit?

  1. Crater

  2. Caldera

  3. Fumarole

  4. Lava dome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A caldera is a large, basin-shaped depression formed when the roof of a magma chamber collapses after a volcanic eruption.

Multiple choice

Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by the emission of large volumes of low-viscosity lava?

  1. Pelean eruption

  2. Strombolian eruption

  3. Vulcanian eruption

  4. Hawaiian eruption
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hawaiian eruptions are characterized by the emission of large volumes of low-viscosity lava, creating broad, gently sloping shield volcanoes.

Multiple choice

What is the term for a vent or opening in the Earth's crust through which volcanic gases and vapors are released?

  1. Fumarole

  2. Geyser

  3. Hot spring

  4. Mud pot
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Fumaroles are vents or openings in the Earth's crust that release volcanic gases and vapors, often accompanied by sulfurous odors.

Multiple choice

Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by the ejection of incandescent fragments of lava?

  1. Pelean eruption

  2. Strombolian eruption

  3. Vulcanian eruption

  4. Hawaiian eruption
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Strombolian eruptions are characterized by the ejection of incandescent fragments of lava, known as scoria, which are typically less than 2 meters in diameter.

Multiple choice

What is the term for a volcanic rock formed from the rapid cooling of lava on the Earth's surface?

  1. Basalt

  2. Andesite

  3. Rhyolite

  4. Obsidian
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Obsidian is a volcanic rock formed from the rapid cooling of lava on the Earth's surface, resulting in a glassy texture and sharp edges.

Multiple choice

Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by the emission of large, blocky fragments of lava?

  1. Pelean eruption

  2. Strombolian eruption

  3. Vulcanian eruption

  4. Hawaiian eruption
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vulcanian eruptions are characterized by the emission of large, blocky fragments of lava, known as bombs, which are typically more than 2 meters in diameter.

Multiple choice

What is the term for a volcanic landform formed by the accumulation of volcanic ash and other pyroclastic material?

  1. Lava dome

  2. Pyroclastic flow

  3. Ash cloud

  4. Tephra cone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Tephra cones are volcanic landforms formed by the accumulation of volcanic ash and other pyroclastic material, typically around a central vent.

Multiple choice

Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by the emission of a mixture of ash, gas, and rock fragments?

  1. Pelean eruption

  2. Strombolian eruption

  3. Vulcanian eruption

  4. Hawaiian eruption
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pelean eruptions are characterized by the emission of a mixture of ash, gas, and rock fragments, forming a dense cloud known as a pyroclastic flow.

Multiple choice

What is the term for a volcanic rock formed from the slow cooling of magma beneath the Earth's surface?

  1. Basalt

  2. Andesite

  3. Rhyolite

  4. Granite
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Granite is a volcanic rock formed from the slow cooling of magma beneath the Earth's surface, resulting in a coarse-grained texture and a variety of mineral compositions.

Multiple choice

Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized by the emission of large volumes of ash, forming a dark cloud that blocks sunlight?

  1. Pelean eruption

  2. Strombolian eruption

  3. Vulcanian eruption

  4. Plinian eruption
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Plinian eruptions are characterized by the emission of large volumes of ash, forming a dark cloud that blocks sunlight and can reach high altitudes.