Geography ยท Science General

Rocks and Earth Materials

1,176 Questions

Study geographical questions centered around rocks, minerals, and earth materials. The focus is on the formation and identification of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. These earth science topics are commonly tested in civil services and state level examinations.

Igneous rocksSedimentary rocksMetamorphic processEarth materialsGeomorphic symbols

Rocks and Earth Materials Questions

Multiple choice

The Shivalik Hills, a sub-range of the Himalayas, are primarily composed of:

  1. Sandstone

  2. Limestone

  3. Granite

  4. Gneiss
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Shivalik Hills are primarily composed of sandstone, which is a sedimentary rock formed from sand deposits. The range is known for its rugged terrain and is home to various wildlife species.

Multiple choice

What is the molten rock called when it is inside the Earth?

  1. Lava

  2. Magma

  3. Crust

  4. Mantle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Magma is the molten rock that is found beneath the Earth's surface. When it erupts onto the surface, it is called lava.

Multiple choice

Which of these is NOT a type of volcanic eruption?

  1. Hawaiian

  2. Strombolian

  3. Vulcanian

  4. Tsunami
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A tsunami is a large wave caused by an underwater earthquake or landslide, not a type of volcanic eruption.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the molten rock that flows out of a volcano during an eruption?

  1. Lava

  2. Magma

  3. Ash

  4. Tephra
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Lava is the molten rock that flows out of a volcano during an eruption. Magma is the molten rock that is found beneath the Earth's surface.

Multiple choice

Which of these is NOT a type of volcanic rock?

  1. Basalt

  2. Andesite

  3. Granite

  4. Rhyolite
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Granite is not a type of volcanic rock. It is an igneous rock that is formed when magma cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface.

Multiple choice

Which of these is NOT a type of volcanic cone?

  1. Cinder cone

  2. Shield volcano

  3. Composite volcano

  4. Lava dome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Lava domes are not a type of volcanic cone. Cinder cones, shield volcanoes, and composite volcanoes are all types of volcanic cones.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the gemstone that is composed of calcium carbonate and is often used in pearl jewelry?

  1. Pearl

  2. Opal

  3. Amethyst

  4. Topaz
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pearl is a gemstone composed of calcium carbonate. It is formed inside the shells of certain mollusks, such as oysters and mussels. Pearls are often used in jewelry due to their unique beauty and luster.

Multiple choice

What is a meteoroid?

  1. A small piece of rock or metal that travels through space

  2. A meteor that has entered Earth's atmosphere

  3. A comet that has lost its tail

  4. An asteroid that has been broken apart
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A meteoroid is a small piece of rock or metal that travels through space. Meteoroids can range in size from a grain of sand to a boulder.

Multiple choice

Which gemstone is commonly referred to as the "birthstone of love" and is often associated with the month of February?

  1. Amethyst

  2. Aquamarine

  3. Opal

  4. Garnet
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Amethyst, a purple variety of quartz, is traditionally associated with the month of February and is often referred to as the "birthstone of love".

Multiple choice

Which gemstone is known for its chatoyancy, or "cat's eye" effect, caused by the presence of parallel fibers?

  1. Chrysoberyl

  2. Moonstone

  3. Opal

  4. Tourmaline
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Chrysoberyl is a gemstone that exhibits chatoyancy, or the "cat's eye" effect, due to the presence of parallel fibers within the stone.

Multiple choice

What is the mineral name for Moonstone, a gemstone known for its adularescence, or shimmering effect?

  1. Orthoclase

  2. Albite

  3. Microcline

  4. Labradorite
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Moonstone is primarily composed of the mineral orthoclase, a potassium feldspar, and its adularescence is caused by the interference of light within the stone.

Multiple choice

Which gemstone is commonly associated with the month of October and is known for its pink to reddish-pink color?

  1. Tourmaline

  2. Opal

  3. Topaz

  4. Morganite
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Tourmaline, particularly the pink to reddish-pink variety, is often associated with the month of October and is believed to promote love and friendship.

Multiple choice

What is the name of the layer of the Earth that is composed of molten rock?

  1. The crust

  2. The mantle

  3. The outer core

  4. The inner core
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The mantle is the layer of the Earth that is composed of molten rock.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a sedimentary rock formed from the accumulation of organic matter?

  1. Granite

  2. Limestone

  3. Coal

  4. Basalt
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Coal is a sedimentary rock formed from the accumulation of organic matter, such as plant material, over millions of years.

Multiple choice

What type of rock is formed when magma cools and solidifies inside the Earth's crust?

  1. Igneous

  2. Sedimentary

  3. Metamorphic

  4. Foliated
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Igneous rocks are formed when magma cools and solidifies inside the Earth's crust.