Biology

Respiration and Gas Transport

647 Questions

Respiration and gas transport deal with the physiological mechanisms of breathing, including the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport and the removal of carbon dioxide from the blood. Questions cover both aerobic and anaerobic processes, along with related phenomena like altitude sickness. This human biology topic is a staple in the science sections of competitive tests.

Oxygen and hemoglobin transportAnaerobic respiration effectsCarbon dioxide removalAltitude sickness causesBreathing rate regulation

Respiration and Gas Transport Questions

Multiple choice biology nutrition - food supplying system site of photosynthesis chloroplast and pigments of photosynthesis pigments action spectrum and absorption spectrum spectrum of electromagnetic radiation

Which one of the following options is true in photsynthesis.

  1. $CO _2$ is oxidized and $ H _2O $ is reduced
  2. $H _2O $is oxidized and $CO _2 is reduce d$
  3. Both $CO _2$ and $H _2O$ are reducedd
  4. Both $CO2$ and$ H2O$ are oxidized
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In photosynthesis, water is oxidized to release oxygen, and CO2 is reduced to form glucose.

Multiple choice chemistry combustion extinguishing fire ways to control fire combustion, fuels and flame

 $CO _2$ is able to control fires by disconnecting the supply of oxygen.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Carbon dioxide is heavier than oxygen. Due to this, carbon dioxide forms a blanket around the burning material and makes a barrier between the burning material and oxygen. As oxygen supply is cutoff, it helps in extinguishing the fire.

Multiple choice zoology respiration in organisms respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans

Which two of the following changes (a-d) usually tend to occur in the plain dwellers when they move to high altitudes (3,500 m or more)?
(1)Increase in red blood cell size.
(2)Increase in red blood cell production.
(3)Increased breathing rate.
(4)Increase in thrombocyte count.

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 2 and 3

  3. 3 and 4

  4. 1 and 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The most significant limiting factor in high mountain regions is the lower air pressure, which makes it more difficult for oxygen to enter our vascular systems resulting into hypoxia. When we travel to high mountain areas, our bodies initially develop inefficient physiological responses. Then there is an increase in breathing and heart rate to as much as double, even while resting. Pulse rate and blood pressure go up sharply as our hearts pump harder to get more oxygen to the cells. These are stressful changes, especially for people with weak heart. Later, a more efficient response normally develops as acclimatization takes place. Additional red blood cells and capillaries are produced to carry more oxygen. The lungs increase in size to facilitate the osmosis of oxygen and carbon dioxide. There is also an increase in the vascular network of muscles which enhances the transfer of gases.

Multiple choice zoology respiration in organisms respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans

The breathing center in the brain responds to changes in the 

  1. Oxygen concentration of the blood.

  2. Carbon dioxide concentration of the blood.

  3. Glucose in the mitochondria.

  4. Acetyl coenzyme A in the mitochondria.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The breathing centre in the brain responds to changes in the carbon dioxide concentration of the blood.

The respiratory center (RC) is located in the medulla oblongata and pons, which are part of the brain stem. The RC receives controlling signals of neural, chemical and hormonal nature and controls the rate and depth of respiratory movements of the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles.

Multiple choice zoology respiration in organisms respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans

All cells use oxygen to produce energy.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Not all cells use oxygen to produce energy. Aerobic cells use oxygen to produce energy. Anaerobic organisms do not require oxygen to produce energy. They obtain energy from metabolism in absence of oxygen. For example, yeasts in absence of oxygen convert sugar into alcohol and produces energy. This energy is then utilized for their survival.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology respiration in organisms respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans

Rate of respiration is directly affected by the

  1. Concentration of $CO _2$.

  2. Oxygen in trachea.
  3. Concentration of $O _2$.

  4. Diaphragm expansion.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The rate of respiration is highly dependent on concentration of carbon dioxide. The higher the concentration of carbon dioxide, less is the rate of respiration. Less the concentration of oxygen and more is the concentration of carbon dioxide, respiration rate increases.

So, option A "Concentration of Carbon dioxide"is the correct option.

Multiple choice zoology respiration in organisms respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans

Which of the following gases makes the most stable combination with the haemoglobin of red blood cells? 

  1. ${ CO } _{ 2 }$
  2. $CO$
  3. ${ O } _{ 2 }$
  4. ${ N } _{ 2 }$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • The combination of oxygen with haemoglobin is called oxyhaemoglobin and this oxygenated blood is carried away from the lungs through the bloodstream to all the tissues of the body. 
  • Carbon monoxide can also bind to haemoglobin but does so about 240 times more tightly than oxygen, forming a compound called carboxyhaemoglobin. 
  • This means that if both carbon monoxide and oxygen are inhaled, carbon monoxide will preferentially bind to haemoglobin. 
  • This reduces the amount of haemoglobin available to bind to oxygen, so the body and tissues become starved of oxygen.
Multiple choice zoology respiration in organisms respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans

Lack of oxygen in body fluids is known as

  1. Hyperpnoea.

  2. Anoxemia.

  3. Anoxia.

  4. Hypoxia.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The lack of oxygen or a lowering of the normal level of oxygen in the blood and body fluids is known as anoxemia and is generally experienced when in high altitudes.  

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology respiration in organisms respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is carried in the form of 

  1. Carbonic acid.

  2. Bicarbonates.

  3. Carbaminohaemoglobin.
  4. Dissolved CO$ _2$.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The majority of carbon dioxide molecules (85 percent) are carried as part of the bicarbonate buffer system. In this system, carbon dioxide diffuses into the red blood cells. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) within the red blood cells quickly converts the carbon dioxide into carbonic acid (H$ _2$CO$ _3$). Carbonic acid is an unstable, intermediate molecule that immediately dissociates into bicarbonate ions (HCO$ _3$−) and hydrogen (H+) ions. Since carbon dioxide is quickly converted into bicarbonate ions, this reaction allows for the continued uptake of carbon dioxide into the blood, down its concentration gradient. It also results in the production of H+ ions. If too much H+ is produced, it can alter blood pH. However, hemoglobin binds to the free H+ ions, limiting shifts in pH. The newly-synthesized bicarbonate ion is transported out of the red blood cell into the liquid component of the blood in exchange for a chloride ion (Cl-). This is called the chloride shift. When the blood reaches the lungs, the bicarbonate ion is transported back into the red blood cell in exchange for the chloride ion. The H+ ion dissociates from the hemoglobin and binds to the bicarbonate ion. This produces the carbonic acid intermediate, which is converted back into carbon dioxide through the enzymatic action of CA. The carbon dioxide produced is expelled through the lungs during exhalation. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology movement and locomotion in man types of muscles muscles muscles and their structure muscle contraction

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
When out of oxygen, vertebrate muscle:

  1. produces lactic acid

  2. produces more carbon dioxide

  3. stops functioning

  4. degrades protein
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The repeated contraction of the muscle results in the low concentration of oxygen and this anaerobic condition leads to the accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle. 
So, the correct option is 'produces lactic acid'
Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration kidney hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which of the following is not a means by which oxygen and/or carbon dioxide are transported in the bloodstream of vertebrates?

  1. As oxyhaemoglobin

  2. As hydrogencarbonate ions

  3. In solution in the plasma

  4. Erythropoietin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood from the tissue to the lungs in three ways: (i) dissolved in solution in the plasma; (ii) buffered with bicarbonate (i.e as hydrogen carbonate ions) and (iii) bound to proteins, particularly hemoglobin.  So, the correct option is 'Erythropoietin'.

Multiple choice zoology respiratory system experiments on photosynthesis cellular respiration introduction to respiration

Inspiration and expiration contain

  1. Oxygen

  2. Oxygen and carbon dioxide

  3. Carbon dioxide

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Inhaled air contains more oxygen used to create energy and less carbon dioxide.
  •  Exhaled air contains more carbon dioxide produced as a waste product of energy production and less oxygen as it has been used in respiration. Gas exchange takes place by diffusion in the alveoli within the lungs.
  •  As a result, the composition of inhaled and exhaled air is different.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology the endocrine system feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

Epinephrine level in blood increases in response to stress. This hormone is known to affect the rate of glycolysis in different organs of the body. The rates of glycolysis in liver, heart and skeletal muscles in response to rise in blood epinephrine (in comparison to non-stress condition) is expected to be

  1. Unaffected in liver, low in heart, and high in skeletal muscles

  2. High in liver, low in heart, and low and skeletal muscles

  3. Unaffected in liver, high in heart, and low in skeletal muscles

  4. Low in liver, high in heart, and high in skeletal muscles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Epinephrine is the hormone released in response to stress conditions. The rise in the hormone level in he blood causes an increase in ATP production for which the rates of glycolysis increases in the muscles (heart and skeletal muscles). The synthesis of glucose by gluconeogenesis takes place in the liver and so, the rate of glycolysis is low. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice types of circulatory system circulatory pathways transportation in plants and circulation in animals body fluids and circulation biology

State whether the following statements are true or false.
The oxygen carrying pigments are mostly dissolved in blood plasma in a closed circulatory system.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Oxygen carrying pigment haemoglobin are present as separate entities and not found dissolved in plasma like inorganic salts. 

So, the correct option is 'False'.

Multiple choice evs a treat for mosquito anaemia mosquito and human health diseases caused by mosquitoes non communicable diseases

The reduced flow of oxygen in blood occurs in

  1. Malaria

  2. Anaemia

  3. Cancer

  4. Typhoid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Anaemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or haemoglobin in the blood or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.
  • When anaemia comes on slowly, the symptoms may include feeling tired, weakness, shortness of breath or a poor ability to exercise. Hence, The reduced flow of oxygen in the blood occurs in Anaemia
 So, the correct answer is 'Anaemia'.