Respiration and Gas Transport

Respiration in plants is the process which enables the breakdown of  simple carbohydrates, like glucose into simpler substances thereby liberating carbon dioxide and energy. The factors that effect respiration are temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, water and light. The factor that inhibits or checks the rate of respiration in the mitochondria of plants include malonate, CO$ _2$ an chloroform and cyanides.

The amount of oxygen is more in organic acids. Thus when respiration of organic acids takes place, the liberation of $CO _2$ is more. So, the R.Q of organic acid is more than one.

$KO _2$ on decomposition give oxygen and pottassium carbonate.The oxygen is used in oxygen cylinders in space and submarines
$2CO _2+4KO _2\rightarrow 3O _2+2K _2CO _3$.
Hence option A is correct.

Alveolar air contains approximately 13.1% oxygen and 5.3% carbon dioxide, reflecting the exchange that has occurred with the blood.

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood because the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli (approx. 104 mmHg) is higher than that in the deoxygenated pulmonary capillary blood (approx. 40 mmHg).

The air present inside the alveoli or the alveolar air usually has a higher amount of oxygen than carbon dioxide. The approximate composition of alveolar air under normal condition is 14% oxygen, 6% carbon dioxide, and 80% nitrogen.

So, the correct answer is '14% oxygen, 6% carbon dioxide, 80% nitrogen'.

(b) Activity of respiratory centres is directly proportional to the level of free $CO _2$ in blood.

Heavy laboured breathing is a sign of abnormal respiration and an increased effort to breathe. Rapid breathing or Tachypnea has seen the breathing rate in adult humans is greater than the normal 20 breaths per minute. This  breathing pattern reduces carbon dioxide in the blood due to increased rate or depth of respiration.

Cockroach blood is not red because they do not use hemoglobin to carry oxygen. In fact, their bloodstream is not used to carry oxygen either. They use a system of pipes called tracheae to bring the oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from their tissues and oxygen goes directly into tissues by diffusion. So, the correct option is A. ( Oxygen goes directly into tissues by diffusion )

Plants plays a very important role in the oxygen cycle as plants create the majority of oxygen we breathe through the process of photosynthesis. In this process plants use $CO _2,$ sunlight and water to create energy. In this process they also create oxygen which they release into the air.

Breathing involves the exchange of gases in the lungs, a process which occurs by diffusion. The oxygen is then transported throughout the body. Carbon dioxide is the waste gas produced by respiration.

Cellular respiration resembles ordinary combustion or burning, in the break down of chemical bonds, use of oxygen, production of carbon dioxide and release of energy, but there are fundamental differences between the two processes.

In respiration oxygen breakdowns food substances mainly glucose and release energy in the form of heat. The carbon and oxygen that are oxidised are present in organic matter. Whereas in burning carbon and oxygen in inorganic matter is oxidized.

Respiration is defined as the movement of oxygen from the outside air to the cells within tissues, and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction. The oxygen from air oxidises food substances mainly glucose in their body cells and release energy in the form of heat.