Reading Comprehension

The author of passage 2 will agree with which of the following assertions given in passage 1? I. Nature is a great teacher. II. Body is the medium of expression of thoughts same as art is a medium to vent the feelings. III. The exuberance of true art lies in soulful expression of sentiments by a well trained professional.

Answer this question based on the following passages.

Passage 1

            There is a constant evolution in all things
            progressive, and this evolution is felt very
            perceptibly. Times change, however, and
            we change with them. While the changes
(5)        may be slow and almost imperceptible to
            the observer, they are sure, and finally
            become evident by the accumulation of
            event after event.
            Many of our foremost educators in all
 (10)     branches of development, physical and
            mental, are now making a bold stand for
            natural methods of education. However,
            all training and development in the past
            has not been on the wrong side of the
(15)      question. The custom of many has been,
            and is, to condemn without investigation;
            to condemn because it does not happen to
            be in the line of their teaching and study.
            He who condemns without knowledge or
(20)      investigation is dishonest.
            There have been, at all ages and under all
            circumstances and conditions, men who
            have been at the root or the bottom of
            things — men who have preserved the truth
(25)      in spite of their surroundings. There have
            been at every decade a few men who have
            known the truth, and who have handed it
            down even through the dark ages. The work
            of these men has not been lost. Its influence
(30)      has been felt, and is today more powerful
            than ever. Hence the trend of the best
            thought is away from the ideas of the local-
            effort school, away from rigidity and
            artificiality, and more in the direction of
 (35)     naturalness and common sense.
            There is to-day a movement which had
            its origin in the belief that no man ever
            learned because he consciously, rigidly
            set or firmly pulled in one direction or
(40)      another, or because he did a hundred
            other unnatural things too foolish to
            mention. It is true he may have learned
            in spite of them, which shows that Nature
            is kind; but as compared to the whole, he
(45)      is one in a thousand.

Passage 2

            Even in the palmiest days, there were
            forces at work which were destined to
            influence the entire world. The subtle
            influence of these forces was felt so
(5)        gradually, and yet so surely and powerfully,
            that art was changed to artificiality. Thus
            arose that which may be called the dark
            ages of the art — an age when error
            overshadowed truth and reason; for while
(10)      discovered much of the true science, many
            who styled themselves scientists discovered
            much that they imagined was the true science.
            Upon the theories advanced by self-styled
(15)      scientists, many systems were based, without
            definite proof as to their being true or false.
            These systems were exploited for the benefit
            of those who formulated them. This condition
            of things still manifests itself at the present
 (20)     day, and no doubt will continue to do so for
            many years to come.
            The world undoubtedly owes much to the
            study and research of the true scientist.
            All true art is based upon science. Science
(25)      is knowledge of certain phenomena or
            movements which are found under certain
            conditions to occur regularly. The object of
            the true art is to study the conditions which
            allow these phenomena to occur.
(30)      But the greatest mistake of the many
            systems, formulated upon the theories of
            the scientists, and of the so-called scientists,
            was not so much in their being based upon
            theories which often were wrong, as in the
(35)      misunderstanding and misapplication of true
            theories. While it is true that the world owes
            much to science and the scientists, yet "the
            highest science can never fully explain
            the true phenomena, which are truly the
(40)      phenomena of Nature."
            The phenomena are more psychological
            than physiological; are more an expression
            of mind and soul than a physical expression
            or a physical force. It is true, the body is
(45)      the medium through which the soul, the
            real man, gives expression to thought
            and feeling; and yet something that is
            simply mechanical or physical is always
            common and meaningless. The normal
 (50)     condition of true art is emotional and
            soulful.

The tone in the two passages is

Answer this question based on the following passages.

Passage 1

            There is a constant evolution in all things
            progressive, and this evolution is felt very
            perceptibly. Times change, however, and
            we change with them. While the changes
(5)        may be slow and almost imperceptible to
            the observer, they are sure, and finally
            become evident by the accumulation of
            event after event.
            Many of our foremost educators in all
 (10)     branches of development, physical and
            mental, are now making a bold stand for
            natural methods of education. However,
            all training and development in the past
            has not been on the wrong side of the
(15)      question. The custom of many has been,
            and is, to condemn without investigation;
            to condemn because it does not happen to
            be in the line of their teaching and study.
            He who condemns without knowledge or
(20)      investigation is dishonest.
            There have been, at all ages and under all
            circumstances and conditions, men who
            have been at the root or the bottom of
            things — men who have preserved the truth
(25)      in spite of their surroundings. There have
            been at every decade a few men who have
            known the truth, and who have handed it
            down even through the dark ages. The work
            of these men has not been lost. Its influence
(30)      has been felt, and is today more powerful
            than ever. Hence the trend of the best
            thought is away from the ideas of the local-
            effort school, away from rigidity and
            artificiality, and more in the direction of
 (35)     naturalness and common sense.
            There is to-day a movement which had
            its origin in the belief that no man ever
            learned because he consciously, rigidly
            set or firmly pulled in one direction or
(40)      another, or because he did a hundred
            other unnatural things too foolish to
            mention. It is true he may have learned
            in spite of them, which shows that Nature
            is kind; but as compared to the whole, he
(45)      is one in a thousand.

Passage 2

            Even in the palmiest days, there were
            forces at work which were destined to
            influence the entire world. The subtle
            influence of these forces was felt so
(5)        gradually, and yet so surely and powerfully,
            that art was changed to artificiality. Thus
            arose that which may be called the dark
            ages of the art — an age when error
            overshadowed truth and reason; for while
(10)      discovered much of the true science, many
            who styled themselves scientists discovered
            much that they imagined was the true science.
            Upon the theories advanced by self-styled
(15)      scientists, many systems were based, without
            definite proof as to their being true or false.
            These systems were exploited for the benefit
            of those who formulated them. This condition
            of things still manifests itself at the present
 (20)     day, and no doubt will continue to do so for
            many years to come.
            The world undoubtedly owes much to the
            study and research of the true scientist.
            All true art is based upon science. Science
(25)      is knowledge of certain phenomena or
            movements which are found under certain
            conditions to occur regularly. The object of
            the true art is to study the conditions which
            allow these phenomena to occur.
(30)      But the greatest mistake of the many
            systems, formulated upon the theories of
            the scientists, and of the so-called scientists,
            was not so much in their being based upon
            theories which often were wrong, as in the
(35)      misunderstanding and misapplication of true
            theories. While it is true that the world owes
            much to science and the scientists, yet "the
            highest science can never fully explain
            the true phenomena, which are truly the
(40)      phenomena of Nature."
            The phenomena are more psychological
            than physiological; are more an expression
            of mind and soul than a physical expression
            or a physical force. It is true, the body is
(45)      the medium through which the soul, the
            real man, gives expression to thought
            and feeling; and yet something that is
            simply mechanical or physical is always
            common and meaningless. The normal
 (50)     condition of true art is emotional and
            soulful.

What is meant by 'special aptitude' (line 39)?

Answer this question based on the following passage.

            The most desirable industries are those in
            which there is an opportunity for
            development of all the workers and a chance
            for the greatest number to find the best
(5)        opportunity to acquire special skill and
            special ability. In such industries there
            should be the open door of progress so
            that those who are qualified for
            advancement can go forward from position
(10)      to position with no barrier other than their
            own mental or physical limitations.
            Special ability, skill and team work are only
            acquired by long specialized practice. These
            qualities constitute the most valuable assets
(15)      on which to create a new concern. This
            natural evolution of the group's effectiveness
            as a single organization is one of greatest
            importance.
            Changes must be most sparingly made,
(20)      with the full knowledge that anything that
            interferes with the habit-action of the
            workers is a serious hindrance. The stake
            holders must remember that in a growing
            industry, individual skill as well as group
(25)      skill of the whole organization greatly
            improves with continued action. Under the
            process of continued action the average
            man can make a fair showing and with a
            reasonable degree of moral support will
(30)      make good, while without it the ablest man
            will have a hard time and even fail if he is
            forced to accept changes that disturb
            continuity of action.
            Each man's energies, both mental and
 (35)     physical, must be employed constructively
            with the minimum disturbance, concentrated
            on his own particular work. Through continuity
            of attention and application to a given work,
            man acquires a special aptitude. Each man
(40)      on the face of the earth has a special
            knowledge and special ability that he has
            acquired by experience.

The passage revolves around

Answer this question based on the following passage.

            The most desirable industries are those in
            which there is an opportunity for
            development of all the workers and a chance
            for the greatest number to find the best
(5)        opportunity to acquire special skill and
            special ability. In such industries there
            should be the open door of progress so
            that those who are qualified for
            advancement can go forward from position
(10)      to position with no barrier other than their
            own mental or physical limitations.
            Special ability, skill and team work are only
            acquired by long specialized practice. These
            qualities constitute the most valuable assets
(15)      on which to create a new concern. This
            natural evolution of the group's effectiveness
            as a single organization is one of greatest
            importance.
            Changes must be most sparingly made,
(20)      with the full knowledge that anything that
            interferes with the habit-action of the
            workers is a serious hindrance. The stake
            holders must remember that in a growing
            industry, individual skill as well as group
(25)      skill of the whole organization greatly
            improves with continued action. Under the
            process of continued action the average
            man can make a fair showing and with a
            reasonable degree of moral support will
(30)      make good, while without it the ablest man
            will have a hard time and even fail if he is
            forced to accept changes that disturb
            continuity of action.
            Each man's energies, both mental and
 (35)     physical, must be employed constructively
            with the minimum disturbance, concentrated
            on his own particular work. Through continuity
            of attention and application to a given work,
            man acquires a special aptitude. Each man
(40)      on the face of the earth has a special
            knowledge and special ability that he has
            acquired by experience.

Which of the following is the best way to revise sentence 10? (Reproduced below) The question is, which method is the most practical, the most successful and most popular?

Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten. Read the passage and select the best answer for the question that follows. Keep in mind that some questions are about particular sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask to consider organization and development. In choosing the answer, follow the requirements of standard written English.

[1] There are two principal methods of treating disease. [2] One is the combative, the other the preventive. [3] The trend of medical research henceforth has almost entirely been along combative lines, although the progressive physician learns to work more and more along preventive lines. [4] The slogan of medical science has been, "Kill the germ and cure the disease." [5] The usual procedure is to wait until acute or chronic diseases have fully developed, and then, if possible, to subdue them by means of drugs, surgical operations, and by means of the morbid products of disease, in the form of serums, antitoxins, vaccines, etc. [6] The combative methods fight disease with disease, poison with poison, and germs with germs and germ products. [7] In the language of the Good Book, it is "Beelzebub against the Devil." [8] The preventive method does not wait until diseases have fully developed and gained the ascendancy in the body, but concentrates its best endeavors on preventing, by hygienic living and by natural methods of treatment, the development of diseases. [9] By these put the human body in a normal and healthy condition which is practically proof against infection or contagion by disease taints and miasmas, and against the inroads of germs, bacteria and parasites. [10] The question is, which method is the most practical, the most successful and most popular? [11] Which will stand the test in the great struggle for existence? [12] The medical profession has good reason to be alarmed by the inroads made in its work by irregular, unorthodox systems, schools and cults of treating human ailments. [13] But instead of raging at the audacious presumption of these interlopers, would it not be better to inquire if there is not some reason for the astonishing spread and popularity of these therapeutic innovations?

Which of the following is the best revision of the underlined portion of sentence 3 below? The trend of medical research henceforth has almost entirely been along combative lines, although the progressive physician learns to work more and more along preventive lines.

Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten. Read the passage and select the best answer for the question that follows. Keep in mind that some questions are about particular sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask to consider organization and development. In choosing the answer, follow the requirements of standard written English.

[1] There are two principal methods of treating disease. [2] One is the combative, the other the preventive. [3] The trend of medical research henceforth has almost entirely been along combative lines, although the progressive physician learns to work more and more along preventive lines. [4] The slogan of medical science has been, "Kill the germ and cure the disease." [5] The usual procedure is to wait until acute or chronic diseases have fully developed, and then, if possible, to subdue them by means of drugs, surgical operations, and by means of the morbid products of disease, in the form of serums, antitoxins, vaccines, etc. [6] The combative methods fight disease with disease, poison with poison, and germs with germs and germ products. [7] In the language of the Good Book, it is "Beelzebub against the Devil." [8] The preventive method does not wait until diseases have fully developed and gained the ascendancy in the body, but concentrates its best endeavors on preventing, by hygienic living and by natural methods of treatment, the development of diseases. [9] By these put the human body in a normal and healthy condition which is practically proof against infection or contagion by disease taints and miasmas, and against the inroads of germs, bacteria and parasites. [10] The question is, which method is the most practical, the most successful and most popular? [11] Which will stand the test in the great struggle for existence? [12] The medical profession has good reason to be alarmed by the inroads made in its work by irregular, unorthodox systems, schools and cults of treating human ailments. [13] But instead of raging at the audacious presumption of these interlopers, would it not be better to inquire if there is not some reason for the astonishing spread and popularity of these therapeutic innovations?

Which of the following sentences can be removed from the essay, without affecting the flow of the argument?

Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten. Read the passage and select the best answer for the question that follows. Keep in mind that some questions are about particular sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask to consider organization and development. In choosing the answer, follow the requirements of standard written English.

[1] There are two principal methods of treating disease. [2] One is the combative, the other the preventive. [3] The trend of medical research henceforth has almost entirely been along combative lines, although the progressive physician learns to work more and more along preventive lines. [4] The slogan of medical science has been, "Kill the germ and cure the disease." [5] The usual procedure is to wait until acute or chronic diseases have fully developed, and then, if possible, to subdue them by means of drugs, surgical operations, and by means of the morbid products of disease, in the form of serums, antitoxins, vaccines, etc. [6] The combative methods fight disease with disease, poison with poison, and germs with germs and germ products. [7] In the language of the Good Book, it is "Beelzebub against the Devil." [8] The preventive method does not wait until diseases have fully developed and gained the ascendancy in the body, but concentrates its best endeavors on preventing, by hygienic living and by natural methods of treatment, the development of diseases. [9] By these put the human body in a normal and healthy condition which is practically proof against infection or contagion by disease taints and miasmas, and against the inroads of germs, bacteria and parasites. [10] The question is, which method is the most practical, the most successful and most popular? [11] Which will stand the test in the great struggle for existence? [12] The medical profession has good reason to be alarmed by the inroads made in its work by irregular, unorthodox systems, schools and cults of treating human ailments. [13] But instead of raging at the audacious presumption of these interlopers, would it not be better to inquire if there is not some reason for the astonishing spread and popularity of these therapeutic innovations?

The author emphasizes on all except

Answer this question based on the following passage.

            The most desirable industries are those in
            which there is an opportunity for
            development of all the workers and a chance
            for the greatest number to find the best
(5)        opportunity to acquire special skill and
            special ability. In such industries there
            should be the open door of progress so
            that those who are qualified for
            advancement can go forward from position
(10)      to position with no barrier other than their
            own mental or physical limitations.
            Special ability, skill and team work are only
            acquired by long specialized practice. These
            qualities constitute the most valuable assets
(15)      on which to create a new concern. This
            natural evolution of the group's effectiveness
            as a single organization is one of greatest
            importance.
            Changes must be most sparingly made,
(20)      with the full knowledge that anything that
            interferes with the habit-action of the
            workers is a serious hindrance. The stake
            holders must remember that in a growing
            industry, individual skill as well as group
(25)      skill of the whole organization greatly
            improves with continued action. Under the
            process of continued action the average
            man can make a fair showing and with a
            reasonable degree of moral support will
(30)      make good, while without it the ablest man
            will have a hard time and even fail if he is
            forced to accept changes that disturb
            continuity of action.
            Each man's energies, both mental and
 (35)     physical, must be employed constructively
            with the minimum disturbance, concentrated
            on his own particular work. Through continuity
            of attention and application to a given work,
            man acquires a special aptitude. Each man
(40)      on the face of the earth has a special
            knowledge and special ability that he has
            acquired by experience.

What is meant by “acquired by experience” (last line)? I. Expertise gained to excel in a line. II. Knowledge surfacing around the specialized trade. III. Trade secrets acquired due to continuous work.

Answer this question based on the following passage.

            The most desirable industries are those in
            which there is an opportunity for
            development of all the workers and a chance
            for the greatest number to find the best
(5)        opportunity to acquire special skill and
            special ability. In such industries there
            should be the open door of progress so
            that those who are qualified for
            advancement can go forward from position
(10)      to position with no barrier other than their
            own mental or physical limitations.
            Special ability, skill and team work are only
            acquired by long specialized practice. These
            qualities constitute the most valuable assets
(15)      on which to create a new concern. This
            natural evolution of the group's effectiveness
            as a single organization is one of greatest
            importance.
            Changes must be most sparingly made,
(20)      with the full knowledge that anything that
            interferes with the habit-action of the
            workers is a serious hindrance. The stake
            holders must remember that in a growing
            industry, individual skill as well as group
(25)      skill of the whole organization greatly
            improves with continued action. Under the
            process of continued action the average
            man can make a fair showing and with a
            reasonable degree of moral support will
(30)      make good, while without it the ablest man
            will have a hard time and even fail if he is
            forced to accept changes that disturb
            continuity of action.
            Each man's energies, both mental and
 (35)     physical, must be employed constructively
            with the minimum disturbance, concentrated
            on his own particular work. Through continuity
            of attention and application to a given work,
            man acquires a special aptitude. Each man
(40)      on the face of the earth has a special
            knowledge and special ability that he has
            acquired by experience.

In context, what is the best way to improve the underlined part of sentence 9 (reproduced below)? By these put the human body

Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten. Read the passage and select the best answer for the question that follows. Keep in mind that some questions are about particular sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask to consider organization and development. In choosing the answer, follow the requirements of standard written English.

[1] There are two principal methods of treating disease. [2] One is the combative, the other the preventive. [3] The trend of medical research henceforth has almost entirely been along combative lines, although the progressive physician learns to work more and more along preventive lines. [4] The slogan of medical science has been, "Kill the germ and cure the disease." [5] The usual procedure is to wait until acute or chronic diseases have fully developed, and then, if possible, to subdue them by means of drugs, surgical operations, and by means of the morbid products of disease, in the form of serums, antitoxins, vaccines, etc. [6] The combative methods fight disease with disease, poison with poison, and germs with germs and germ products. [7] In the language of the Good Book, it is "Beelzebub against the Devil." [8] The preventive method does not wait until diseases have fully developed and gained the ascendancy in the body, but concentrates its best endeavors on preventing, by hygienic living and by natural methods of treatment, the development of diseases. [9] By these put the human body in a normal and healthy condition which is practically proof against infection or contagion by disease taints and miasmas, and against the inroads of germs, bacteria and parasites. [10] The question is, which method is the most practical, the most successful and most popular? [11] Which will stand the test in the great struggle for existence? [12] The medical profession has good reason to be alarmed by the inroads made in its work by irregular, unorthodox systems, schools and cults of treating human ailments. [13] But instead of raging at the audacious presumption of these interlopers, would it not be better to inquire if there is not some reason for the astonishing spread and popularity of these therapeutic innovations?

Which of the following will most strengthen the author's argument in paragraph 3?

Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten. Read the passage and select the best answer for the question that follows. Keep in mind that some questions are about particular sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask to consider organization and development. In choosing the answer, follow the requirements of standard written English.

[1] There are two principal methods of treating disease. [2] One is the combative, the other the preventive. [3] The trend of medical research henceforth has almost entirely been along combative lines, although the progressive physician learns to work more and more along preventive lines. [4] The slogan of medical science has been, "Kill the germ and cure the disease." [5] The usual procedure is to wait until acute or chronic diseases have fully developed, and then, if possible, to subdue them by means of drugs, surgical operations, and by means of the morbid products of disease, in the form of serums, antitoxins, vaccines, etc. [6] The combative methods fight disease with disease, poison with poison, and germs with germs and germ products. [7] In the language of the Good Book, it is "Beelzebub against the Devil." [8] The preventive method does not wait until diseases have fully developed and gained the ascendancy in the body, but concentrates its best endeavors on preventing, by hygienic living and by natural methods of treatment, the development of diseases. [9] By these put the human body in a normal and healthy condition which is practically proof against infection or contagion by disease taints and miasmas, and against the inroads of germs, bacteria and parasites. [10] The question is, which method is the most practical, the most successful and most popular? [11] Which will stand the test in the great struggle for existence? [12] The medical profession has good reason to be alarmed by the inroads made in its work by irregular, unorthodox systems, schools and cults of treating human ailments. [13] But instead of raging at the audacious presumption of these interlopers, would it not be better to inquire if there is not some reason for the astonishing spread and popularity of these therapeutic innovations?

What is the central idea of passage 1?

Answer this question based on the following passages.

Passage 1

            There is a constant evolution in all things
            progressive, and this evolution is felt very
            perceptibly. Times change, however, and
            we change with them. While the changes
(5)        may be slow and almost imperceptible to
            the observer, they are sure, and finally
            become evident by the accumulation of
            event after event.
            Many of our foremost educators in all
 (10)     branches of development, physical and
            mental, are now making a bold stand for
            natural methods of education. However,
            all training and development in the past
            has not been on the wrong side of the
(15)      question. The custom of many has been,
            and is, to condemn without investigation;
            to condemn because it does not happen to
            be in the line of their teaching and study.
            He who condemns without knowledge or
(20)      investigation is dishonest.
            There have been, at all ages and under all
            circumstances and conditions, men who
            have been at the root or the bottom of
            things — men who have preserved the truth
(25)      in spite of their surroundings. There have
            been at every decade a few men who have
            known the truth, and who have handed it
            down even through the dark ages. The work
            of these men has not been lost. Its influence
(30)      has been felt, and is today more powerful
            than ever. Hence the trend of the best
            thought is away from the ideas of the local-
            effort school, away from rigidity and
            artificiality, and more in the direction of
 (35)     naturalness and common sense.
            There is to-day a movement which had
            its origin in the belief that no man ever
            learned because he consciously, rigidly
            set or firmly pulled in one direction or
(40)      another, or because he did a hundred
            other unnatural things too foolish to
            mention. It is true he may have learned
            in spite of them, which shows that Nature
            is kind; but as compared to the whole, he
(45)      is one in a thousand.

Passage 2

            Even in the palmiest days, there were
            forces at work which were destined to
            influence the entire world. The subtle
            influence of these forces was felt so
(5)        gradually, and yet so surely and powerfully,
            that art was changed to artificiality. Thus
            arose that which may be called the dark
            ages of the art — an age when error
            overshadowed truth and reason; for while
(10)      discovered much of the true science, many
            who styled themselves scientists discovered
            much that they imagined was the true science.
            Upon the theories advanced by self-styled
(15)      scientists, many systems were based, without
            definite proof as to their being true or false.
            These systems were exploited for the benefit
            of those who formulated them. This condition
            of things still manifests itself at the present
 (20)     day, and no doubt will continue to do so for
            many years to come.
            The world undoubtedly owes much to the
            study and research of the true scientist.
            All true art is based upon science. Science
(25)      is knowledge of certain phenomena or
            movements which are found under certain
            conditions to occur regularly. The object of
            the true art is to study the conditions which
            allow these phenomena to occur.
(30)      But the greatest mistake of the many
            systems, formulated upon the theories of
            the scientists, and of the so-called scientists,
            was not so much in their being based upon
            theories which often were wrong, as in the
(35)      misunderstanding and misapplication of true
            theories. While it is true that the world owes
            much to science and the scientists, yet "the
            highest science can never fully explain
            the true phenomena, which are truly the
(40)      phenomena of Nature."
            The phenomena are more psychological
            than physiological; are more an expression
            of mind and soul than a physical expression
            or a physical force. It is true, the body is
(45)      the medium through which the soul, the
            real man, gives expression to thought
            and feeling; and yet something that is
            simply mechanical or physical is always
            common and meaningless. The normal
 (50)     condition of true art is emotional and
            soulful.

What is the best way to combine sentence 1 and 2?

Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten. Read the passage and select the best answer for the question that follows. Keep in mind that some questions are about particular sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask to consider organization and development. In choosing the answer, follow the requirements of standard written English.

[1] There are two principal methods of treating disease. [2] One is the combative, the other the preventive. [3] The trend of medical research henceforth has almost entirely been along combative lines, although the progressive physician learns to work more and more along preventive lines. [4] The slogan of medical science has been, "Kill the germ and cure the disease." [5] The usual procedure is to wait until acute or chronic diseases have fully developed, and then, if possible, to subdue them by means of drugs, surgical operations, and by means of the morbid products of disease, in the form of serums, antitoxins, vaccines, etc. [6] The combative methods fight disease with disease, poison with poison, and germs with germs and germ products. [7] In the language of the Good Book, it is "Beelzebub against the Devil." [8] The preventive method does not wait until diseases have fully developed and gained the ascendancy in the body, but concentrates its best endeavors on preventing, by hygienic living and by natural methods of treatment, the development of diseases. [9] By these put the human body in a normal and healthy condition which is practically proof against infection or contagion by disease taints and miasmas, and against the inroads of germs, bacteria and parasites. [10] The question is, which method is the most practical, the most successful and most popular? [11] Which will stand the test in the great struggle for existence? [12] The medical profession has good reason to be alarmed by the inroads made in its work by irregular, unorthodox systems, schools and cults of treating human ailments. [13] But instead of raging at the audacious presumption of these interlopers, would it not be better to inquire if there is not some reason for the astonishing spread and popularity of these therapeutic innovations?

What is the difference between active euthanasia and passive euthanasia?

Answer this question based on the following passage.

            Euthanasia is often erroneously described
            as "mercy killing". Most forms of euthanasia
            are, indeed, motivated by (some say:
            misplaced) mercy. Not so others. In Greek,
(5)        "eu" means both "well" and "easy" and
            "Thanatos" is death.
            Euthanasia is the intentional premature
            termination of another person's life either
            by direct intervention (active euthanasia)
 (10)     or by withholding life-prolonging measures
            and resources (passive euthanasia), either
            at the express or implied request of that
            person (voluntary euthanasia), or in the
            absence of such approval (non-voluntary
(15)      euthanasia). Involuntary euthanasia -
            where the individual wishes to go on living
            - is a euphemism for murder.
            To my mind, passive euthanasia is immoral.
            The abrupt withdrawal of medical treatment,
(20)      feeding, and hydration results in a slow and
            (potentially) torturous death. Moreover,
            passive euthanasia allows us to evade
            personal responsibility for the patient's death.
            In active euthanasia, the relationship between
(25)      the act (of administering a lethal medication,
            for instance) and its consequences is direct
            and unambiguous.
            To qualify as euthanasia, the termination of
            life has to be the main and intended aim of
(30)      the act or omission that leads to it.
            The sanctity and value of life compete with a
            host of other equally potent moral demands.
            Even the most devout pro-life ethicist accepts
            that certain medical decisions - for instance,
(35)      to administer strong analgesics – inevitably
            truncate the patient's life. Yet, this is
            considered moral because the resulting
            euthanasia is not the main intention of the
            pain-relieving doctor. Moreover, the apparent
(40)      dilemma between the two values (reduce
            suffering or preserve life) is non-existent.

What is the main similarity between the two passages?

Answer this question based on the following passages.

Passage 1

            There is a constant evolution in all things
            progressive, and this evolution is felt very
            perceptibly. Times change, however, and
            we change with them. While the changes
(5)        may be slow and almost imperceptible to
            the observer, they are sure, and finally
            become evident by the accumulation of
            event after event.
            Many of our foremost educators in all
 (10)     branches of development, physical and
            mental, are now making a bold stand for
            natural methods of education. However,
            all training and development in the past
            has not been on the wrong side of the
(15)      question. The custom of many has been,
            and is, to condemn without investigation;
            to condemn because it does not happen to
            be in the line of their teaching and study.
            He who condemns without knowledge or
(20)      investigation is dishonest.
            There have been, at all ages and under all
            circumstances and conditions, men who
            have been at the root or the bottom of
            things — men who have preserved the truth
(25)      in spite of their surroundings. There have
            been at every decade a few men who have
            known the truth, and who have handed it
            down even through the dark ages. The work
            of these men has not been lost. Its influence
(30)      has been felt, and is today more powerful
            than ever. Hence the trend of the best
            thought is away from the ideas of the local-
            effort school, away from rigidity and
            artificiality, and more in the direction of
 (35)     naturalness and common sense.
            There is to-day a movement which had
            its origin in the belief that no man ever
            learned because he consciously, rigidly
            set or firmly pulled in one direction or
(40)      another, or because he did a hundred
            other unnatural things too foolish to
            mention. It is true he may have learned
            in spite of them, which shows that Nature
            is kind; but as compared to the whole, he
(45)      is one in a thousand.

Passage 2

            Even in the palmiest days, there were
            forces at work which were destined to
            influence the entire world. The subtle
            influence of these forces was felt so
(5)        gradually, and yet so surely and powerfully,
            that art was changed to artificiality. Thus
            arose that which may be called the dark
            ages of the art — an age when error
            overshadowed truth and reason; for while
(10)      discovered much of the true science, many
            who styled themselves scientists discovered
            much that they imagined was the true science.
            Upon the theories advanced by self-styled
(15)      scientists, many systems were based, without
            definite proof as to their being true or false.
            These systems were exploited for the benefit
            of those who formulated them. This condition
            of things still manifests itself at the present
 (20)     day, and no doubt will continue to do so for
            many years to come.
            The world undoubtedly owes much to the
            study and research of the true scientist.
            All true art is based upon science. Science
(25)      is knowledge of certain phenomena or
            movements which are found under certain
            conditions to occur regularly. The object of
            the true art is to study the conditions which
            allow these phenomena to occur.
(30)      But the greatest mistake of the many
            systems, formulated upon the theories of
            the scientists, and of the so-called scientists,
            was not so much in their being based upon
            theories which often were wrong, as in the
(35)      misunderstanding and misapplication of true
            theories. While it is true that the world owes
            much to science and the scientists, yet "the
            highest science can never fully explain
            the true phenomena, which are truly the
(40)      phenomena of Nature."
            The phenomena are more psychological
            than physiological; are more an expression
            of mind and soul than a physical expression
            or a physical force. It is true, the body is
(45)      the medium through which the soul, the
            real man, gives expression to thought
            and feeling; and yet something that is
            simply mechanical or physical is always
            common and meaningless. The normal
 (50)     condition of true art is emotional and
            soulful.