Early Human and Prehistoric Cultures

The domestication of fruit and nut trees, such as olives and grapes, is generally dated to the Chalcolithic period, around 4,000 BCE, in the Near East.

Possible evidence indicating the earliest presence of Tamil people in modern-day Tamil Nadu are the megalithic urn burials, dating from around 1500 BCE and onwards, which have been discovered at various locations in Tamil Nadu, notably in Adichanallur in Thoothukudi District.

The megalithic monuments, ancient Tamil songs, coins, travelogues, and a few Tamil inscriptions are the major sources of information on the history of ancient tamilakam. Different types of iron tools have been discovered from these megalithic monuments. They include a sword, spear, knife, hook, lamp, nail and so on.

A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. In prehistoric art, it was often a undressed stone used in the construction of various types of Neolithic, Chalcolithic or Bronze Age monuments, during the period 4500-1000 BCE. Some of the examples of megaliths are Thoppikkallu, Kudakkallu, Sacrophagus, Menhir.

A barter system is an old method of exchange. This system has been used for centuries and long before money was invented. People exchanged services and goods for other services and goods in return. The history of bartering dates all the way back to 6000 BC. 

Migration from mountains to the plane due to sheep herding is called transhumance. It is the action or practice of moving livestock from one place to other for the sake of grazing seasonally. It usually follows seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer.

The African Pygmies (or Congo Pygmies) are a group of tribal ethnicities, traditionally subsisting in a forager and hunter-gatherer lifestyle, native to Central Africa, mostly the Congo Basin.

Archaeological evidence typically shows a progression from hunting wild animals (A) to the domestication of smaller animals like sheep and goats (C), and finally to larger cattle (B). This sequence reflects the development of early human agricultural societies.

Historians have always considered the history of ordinary people equally important. They made attempts to stir the memories of common folks to unearth details about various incidents and events. They are also trying to write history based on the study if folk songs, social traditions etc.

Food gathering is a primary activity in which people gather their requirements from nature.

Hunting age was the period in which hunter-gatherer had to catch or find everything they ate. They moved from place to place in search of food. Pastoral age consisted of shepherds herding livestock in open grassland areas, according to the availability of water and pasture. Agricultural age involved improved crop productivity due to the adoption of new farming techniques. The industrial age is attributed to the advent of power driven machines, steam engines, power looms which changed the economic and social condition of humans. Option B Hunting Age is the correct answer, as the most primitive stage.    

The oldest horticultural society of the world is Ancient Society of York Florists. It was founded in the year 1768. They conduct about four horticultural shows every year in York of United Kingdom.

After people began to settle in agricultural communities, they learnt to weave twigs and grass into mats and baskets. Vines, animal fleece or hair were twisted together into long strands. These were woven into fabrics.

In ancient times, barks and big leaves of trees or animal skins and furs were used by people to cover themselves.