Early Human and Prehistoric Cultures

People who choose temporary settlements are called Nomads. He is a person who changes his place of living from time to time mostly in search of new pastures for his livestock.

An artefact is an object made, modified, or used by humans, which provides evidence of past human activity. Cognition refers to mental processes, not physical objects.

The Lomekwi 3 site in Kenya is famous for the discovery of the oldest stone tools ever found, dating back approximately 3.3 million years.

Pottery from the Iron Age and Sangam period in South India is frequently characterized by the use of black and red slips, often referred to as Black and Red Ware.

Bifaces are stone tools that have been flaked on both sides, creating two faces. While hand axes are a type of biface, the term biface specifically describes the flaking technique.

Acheulian tools, named after the site of Saint-Acheul in France, are a characteristic tool industry of the Lower Paleolithic, known for their distinct hand axes.

Current scientific consensus places the emergence of anatomically modern humans, Homo sapiens, at approximately 300,000 years ago.

The domestication of fruit and nut trees, such as olives and grapes, is generally dated to the Chalcolithic period, around 4,000 BCE, in the Near East.

Possible evidence indicating the earliest presence of Tamil people in modern-day Tamil Nadu are the megalithic urn burials, dating from around 1500 BCE and onwards, which have been discovered at various locations in Tamil Nadu, notably in Adichanallur in Thoothukudi District.

The megalithic monuments, ancient Tamil songs, coins, travelogues, and a few Tamil inscriptions are the major sources of information on the history of ancient tamilakam. Different types of iron tools have been discovered from these megalithic monuments. They include a sword, spear, knife, hook, lamp, nail and so on.

A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. In prehistoric art, it was often a undressed stone used in the construction of various types of Neolithic, Chalcolithic or Bronze Age monuments, during the period 4500-1000 BCE. Some of the examples of megaliths are Thoppikkallu, Kudakkallu, Sacrophagus, Menhir.

A barter system is an old method of exchange. This system has been used for centuries and long before money was invented. People exchanged services and goods for other services and goods in return. The history of bartering dates all the way back to 6000 BC. 

Migration from mountains to the plane due to sheep herding is called transhumance. It is the action or practice of moving livestock from one place to other for the sake of grazing seasonally. It usually follows seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer.

The African Pygmies (or Congo Pygmies) are a group of tribal ethnicities, traditionally subsisting in a forager and hunter-gatherer lifestyle, native to Central Africa, mostly the Congo Basin.

Archaeological evidence typically shows a progression from hunting wild animals (A) to the domestication of smaller animals like sheep and goats (C), and finally to larger cattle (B). This sequence reflects the development of early human agricultural societies.