Biology

Plant Biology and Classification

1,796 Questions

Plant Biology and Classification deals with the taxonomy, evolution, and morphological features of the plant kingdom. This collection offers practice questions on plant groups, taxonomic hierarchies, and specific plant characteristics. The questions are tailored for students preparing for biology competitive exams.

Plant taxonomyPteridophytesAngiospermsPlant morphologyAlgae and bryophytesClassification systems

Plant Biology and Classification Questions

Multiple choice biology pollination and fertilization agents of pollination environmental conservation and biodiversity pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo

Vallisneria spiralis is a classical example of

  1. Epihydrophily

  2. Hypohydrophily

  3. Anemophily

  4. Chiropterophily
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a male part of a plant (anther) to a female part of a plant (stigma), enabling later fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by the wind. Hydrophily is a fairly uncommon form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by the flow of waters, particularly in rivers and streams. Epihydrophily is a pseudo hydrophily that occurs on the surface of the water. Vallisneria pollen grains are released on the surface of the water, which are passively carried away by water currents; some of them eventually reach the female flower.

So the correct option is 'epihydrophily'.

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Which of the following is not related to the structure of stomata?

  1. Epidermal cells

  2. Guard cells

  3. Sclerenchyma cells

  4. Accessory cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Sclerenchyma is the supporting tissue in plants. Two types of sclerenchyma cells exist: fibers and sclereids. Their cell walls consist of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Sclerenchyma cells are the principal supporting cells in plant tissues that have ceased elongation where as Stomata are cell structures in the epidermis of tree leaves and needles that are involved in the exchange of carbon dioxide and water between plants and the atmosphere.

So, the correct answer is 'Sclerenchyma cells.'

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Which is not true regarding sclerides?

  1. Found in shells of nuts, pulp of Guava and Pea

  2. Stone cells

  3. Constituent of sclerenchyma

  4. Group of living cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Sclereids are a reduced form of sclerenchyma cells with highly thickened, lignified cellular walls that form small bundles of durable layers of tissue in most plants. The presence of numerous sclereids form the cores of apples and produce the gritty texture of guavas. 
So, the correct answer is 'Group of living cells.'
Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Which of the following pair has lignin?

  1. Tracheid and collenchyma

  2. Sclerenchyma and sieve tube

  3. Sclerenchyma and trachea

  4. Parenchyma and endodermis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Sclerenchyma cells have thickened lignified walls, which make them strong and waterproof. The wall of the trachea is considerably thickened and lignified.  The characteristic thickening pattern, the thickness and the lignin content of the cell wall provide the vessel rigidity and make it resistant against the collapsing effect of the intense transpiration of the leaves.

So, the correct answer is 'Sclerenchyma and trachea.'

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Tissue cells commonly found in fruit walls of nuts and pulp of some fruits like guava are called

  1. Fibres

  2. Sclereids

  3. Tracheids

  4. Vessels
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The spherical, oval or cylindrical cells with very narrow lumen; in sclerenchyma are called sclereids. Sclereids are usually found in the fruit walls of nuts, pulp of fruits like guava, pear and sapota; seed coats of legumes and leaves of tea. The gritty texture of pear or guava is because of sclereids.

So, the correct answer is 'Sclereids.'

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Which of the following statements is true?

  1. Collenchyma occurs in layers below epidermis in monocot plants

  2. Xylem parenchyma cells are living, thin walled and lignified

  3. Sclerenchyma cells are usually dead and without protoplasts

  4. Companion cells are specialised sclerenchyma cells

  5. Phloem fibres are generally present in primary phloem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Sclerenchyma tissue is composed of sclerenchyma cells, which are usually dead at maturity (i.e., have lost their protoplasts). They characteristically contain very thick, hard secondary walls lined with lignin; consequently, sclerenchyma provides additional support and strength to the plant body.

So, the correct answer is 'Sclerenchyma cells are usually dead and without protoplasts.'

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

Hard lignified thick-walled long and painted cells constitute

  1. Parenchyma

  2. Collenchyma

  3. Sclereids

  4. Sclerenchyma
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Sclerenchyma is thick walled dead lignified cells, they are hard and elastic. The sclerenchyma cells are divided into two groups namely fibers and sclereids. Sclerenchymatous fibers are branched/unbranched, long, hard, pointed cells with tapering ends, thick walls, and narrow lumen. 
So, the correct answer is 'Sclerenchyma.'
Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

External protective tissues are

  1. Cortex and epidermis

  2. Cork and pericycle

  3. Cortex and pericycle

  4. Cork and epidermis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cork (phellem) is not considered as living tissue. It is a water-resistant, protective tissue that displaces the stem epidermis during the secondary growth phase. A mature cork cell is non-living and has cell walls that are composed of a waxy substance that is highly impermeable to gasses and water called as suberin. Generally, the phloem together with the cork cells is considered to comprise the outer bark. The epidermis cell is a single-layered group of cells that covers plants leaves, flowers, roots, and stems. It forms a boundary between the plant and the external environment. The epidermis serves several functions, it protects against water loss, regulates gas exchange, secretes metabolic compounds and absorbs water and mineral nutrients. Cortex and pericycle are not the protective tissues. 
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

The main function of sclerenchyma is to help in the ___________________.

  1. Conduction of food

  2. Synthesis of food

  3. Exchange of gases

  4. Mechanical support
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Conduction of food from leaves to other parts of the plant is carried out by phloem cells. 
The synthesis of food is carried out by chlorenchyma cells. These are parenchyma cells with chlorophyll pigments. 

Exchange of gasses is carried out by stomata, which are small pores present on leaf epidermis.   
Sclerenchyma is a type of permanent tissue. They are dead, long, thin narrow cells with thickened walls without any internal space. This tissue makes the plant hard and stiff. This aids in mechanical support to plant. 
So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

What is the function of sclerenchymatous tissue?

  1. Flexibilty

  2. Tenderness

  3. Strength

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The chief mechanical tissue of the plant body composed of highly thick walled cell with little or no protoplasm is called as sclerenchyma. The main function of sclerenchymatous tissues is to give support to the plant. It also provides hardness and protective covering to seed and nuts.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany plant tissues permanent tissues and their types simple permanent tissues tissues: plant tissues

This is a complex, non-carbohydrate polymer found in cell walls Its function is to provide stiffening to the cell as in xylem vessels and bark fibres. Name it

  1. Opsonin

  2. Saponin

  3. Lignin

  4. Plant Polypeptide
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form key structural materials in the support tissues of vascular plants and some algae. Lignins are particularly important in the formation of cell walls, especially in wood and bark, because they lend rigidity and do not rot easily. Chemically, lignins are cross-linked phenolic polymers. As a biopolymer, lignin is unusual because of its heterogeneity and lack of a defined primary structure. Its most commonly noted function is the support through strengthening of wood (mainly composed of xylem cells and lignified sclerenchyma fibres) in vascular plants.

So the correct option is 'lignin'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell-the basic unit of life introduction to cell discovery and cell theory cell discovery cell discovery and cell theory cell as structural and functional unit

Auxospores are formed in the life cycle of diatoms these structure are ________________.

  1. Vegetuative cells with ploidy level N

  2. Asexual spores with ploidy level N

  3. Statosspores with 2N ploidy Level
  4. Sexual spores with ploidy level $2N$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Auxospores are formed by diatoms at an important stage of their life cycle. They are specialized cells which help the diatoms in regaining their normal size. After cell division in diatoms, each daughter cell inherits one of the two valves and hence results in reduction of size of the diatom, to retain the size diatoms produce auxospores and hence they are vegetative.
So, the correct option is, 'Vegetuative cells with ploidy level N'.
Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany taxonomy and systematics systematics of living world kingdom plantae plant taxonomy classification of biodiversity

Artificial system of classification classifies plants on the basis of

  1. One or very few characters

  2. Phylogenetic trends

  3. Many naturally existing characters

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The major advantage of the artificial system of the classification is considering one or few characters of the plants, so the option (A) is the correct answer.
The phylogenetic trends consideration are all comes under the natural classification, so the option (B) is not the correct answer.
The option (C) refers, many naturally existing characters, which is suitable for the natural classification, not for artificial classification, so the option (C) is also not the correct answer.

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany taxonomy and systematics systematics of living world kingdom plantae plant taxonomy classification of biodiversity

A system of classification in which a large number of traits are considered is:

  1. Artificial system

  2. Practical system

  3. Phylogenetic system

  4. Natural system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

There are three systems of classification, namely artificial, natural and phylogenetic. In natural system of classification, a large number of traits are considered. It is based on morphological, anatomical, cytological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the organisms. The artificial system of classification is based on observable characteristics of the organisms. The phylogenetic system of classification is based on genetic and phylogenetic relationships between organisms.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.