Biology

Plant Biology and Classification

1,796 Questions

Plant Biology and Classification deals with the taxonomy, evolution, and morphological features of the plant kingdom. This collection offers practice questions on plant groups, taxonomic hierarchies, and specific plant characteristics. The questions are tailored for students preparing for biology competitive exams.

Plant taxonomyPteridophytesAngiospermsPlant morphologyAlgae and bryophytesClassification systems

Plant Biology and Classification Questions

Multiple choice biology biodiversity and classification monera five kingdoms of living organisms biodiversity and need of classification

Cyanophyceae (Blue Green Algae) belongs to

  1. Plantae

  2. Protista

  3. Monera

  4. Metaphyta
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Monera kingdom includes prokaryotic unicellular organisms. They lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, Golgi complex. They also lack a true nucleus. Instead, they have nucleoid, genetic material without a nuclear envelope. Examples include bacteria, Cyanophyceae (Blue-Green algae).

Thus, the correct answer is 'Monera.'

Multiple choice biology biodiversity and classification monera five kingdoms of living organisms biodiversity and need of classification

Spirulina belongs to the kingdom

  1. Monera

  2. Protista

  3. Plantae

  4. Fungi
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Kingdom Monera includes prokaryotic unicellular microorganisms. They lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, golgi complex. They also lack true nucleus. Instead, they have nucleoid, a genetic material without nuclear envelope. They have cell wall. Examples include bacteria, Cyanobacteria like Spirulina. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Monera.'

Multiple choice biology biodiversity and classification monera five kingdoms of living organisms biodiversity and need of classification

The group showing maximum nutritional diversity is

  1. Monera

  2. Plantae

  3. Fungi

  4. Algae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The kingdom monera is comprised of two groups as archaebacteria and eubacteria. There is diverse range of organisms which are placed under this kingdom. There are prokaryotic bacteria which possess the heterotrophic mode of nutrition in which the digested food material is directly engulfed by the cell. The cyanobacteria are autotrophic and can prepare their food through photosynthesis. There are some chemotrophs which use the organic and inorganic compounds as the source of energy. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Multiple choice zoology plant taxonomy nomenclature in classification nomenclature of animals introduction to plant kingdom

Binomial system of nomenclature means that every organism has___________

  1. Two names, one scientific and the other popular

  2. One name given by two scientists

  3. One scientific name consisting of a generic and specific name

  4. A number in an international catalogue by which it can be identified
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
 C Linnaeus, the father of taxonomy, introduced the binomial system of nomenclature. He dealt about this in the 10th edition of his book 'Systema Naturae' which was published in 1785.
This is a system of providing organisms with distinct scientific names which consist of two words, the first one indicating a generic name (Genus). The first and second together form a specific name (Species). These two words are in Latin or Latinized if derived from other languages.
Genus is a common noun and starts with a capital letter. It indicates the name of a group. In the specific name, the second word is like an adjective and begins with a small letter excepting the cases when it denotes proper nouns like the name of a person, place or the like. It may then, start with a capital letter.
The names when written should be underlined to indicate their Latin origin. In the printed form, they should be italicized.
The name of the author who has first described the plant in scientific journals may be appended in full or abbreviated form. For example - the botanical name of mango is Mangifera indica Linn. All three comprise binomial nomenclature.
The generic name is one for all species whereas the species name is variable. For example - Ficus bengalensis, Ficus religiosa, Ficus glomerata, which represent banyan, peepul and fig trees respectively. All have one generic name Ficus but their species names are F.bengalensis, F.religiosa, F.glomerata.
Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

With reference to Cannabis which is correct X,Y and Z?
Statement X: Flowers are attractive and produce scent.
Statement Y: Pollen grains are small, dry and light.
Statement Z: Cannabis is wind pollinated plant.

  1. X and Y are wrong, Z is independent of X and Y

  2. X is wrong, Y is correct and Z is correct reason for Y

  3. X is correct, Y is wrong and Z is correct reason for X

  4. Both X and Y are correct, Z is correct reason for Y
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Cannabis is an annual herb which is indigenous to eastern Asia. Many hallucinogenic drugs like bhang, charas and marijuana are obtained from different parts of Cannabis plant. The flowers of Cannabis plant are wind pollinated so they have small, dry and light pollen grains which can be easily carried by the wind to the stigma of another flower. The flowers are not attractive and do not produce any scent because scented flowers are characteristics of insect pollinated plants.
Hence, statement X is wrong and both Y and Z are correct with Z being the correct reason for Y.
So, the correct answer is 'X is wrong, Y is correct and Z is correct reason for Y'.
Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of dicot stem internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot) anatomy of stem

In dicot stem, lateral branch comes out from 

  1. Pericycle

  2. Cortex

  3. Pith

  4. Epidermis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In dicot stem, the lateral branches are exogenous in origin and they come out from the cortex of the stem. However, in dicot root, the lateral roots are endogenous in origin because they come out from the pericycle of the stem.

A. Pericycle gives rise to the lateral roots.
B. Cortex gives rise to the lateral branches in stem.
C. Pith is a storage organ.
D. Epidermis gives rise to scales and trichomes.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Cortex'

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of dicot stem internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot) anatomy of stem

The nature of pericycle above the phloem in dicot stem is 

  1. Parenchymatous

  2. Sclerenchymatous

  3. Collecnchymatous

  4. Chlorenchymatous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The pericycle is a thin layer located between the endodermis and phloem in plant roots. In dicot stems, it is located around the ring of vascular bundles in the stele. The nature of pericycle is sclrenchymatous. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Sclerenchymatous.'

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of dicot stem internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot) anatomy of stem

Pitch is less developed in ____________.

  1. Dicot stem

  2. Dicot root

  3. Monocot stem

  4. Monocot root
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In dicot stems, the pith is generally small or reduced compared to monocot stems, where it is often large and well-developed. Dicot roots typically lack a pith or have a very small one.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of dicot stem internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot) anatomy of stem

Pith is not well developed in

  1. Monocot stem

  2. Monocot root

  3. Dicot stem

  4. Dicot root
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Pith or medulla, is a tissue in the stems of vascular plants. Pith is composed of soft, spongy parenchyma cells, which store and transport nutrients throughout the plant. In dicots, pith is located in the centre of the stem. In monocots, it extends also into flowering stems and roots. The pith is encircled by a ring of xylem. The xylem, in turn, is encircled by a ring of phloem. The monocot root has a pith, whereas the dicot root does not. Absence of pith is the diagnostic feature of dicot root. Pith is present in dicot stem, monocot stem, monocot root and dicot stem. 
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of dicot stem internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot) anatomy of stem

Collenchymatous hypodermis is characteristic feature of

  1. Dicot stem

  2. Monocot stem

  3. Monocot as well as dicot stem

  4. Hydrophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hypodermis is a region lying immediately below the epidermis. It is represented by a few layers of collenchyma cells with angular thickenings in dicot stem. The cells are compactly arranged without any intercellular spaces. Hypodermis provides mechanical support and additional protection. Thus, option A is correct. 

Sclerenchymatous hypodermis is present in monocot stem. 
Hypodermis in hydrophytes is poorly developed and is not collenchymatous.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of dicot stem internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot) anatomy of stem

Grafting is successful in dicots but not in monocots because the dicots have

  1. Vascular bundles arranged in a ring

  2. Cambium for secondary growth

  3. Vessels with elements arranged end to end

  4. Cork cambium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Monocot plants cannot be grafted as they lack the cambium tissue which is present in dicot plants. Cambium tissue is a meristematic tissue which is present in the vascular bundles of the dicot plants. This tissue has a regeneration capacity due to which it can form new tissue at the time of grafting. The lack of cambium in monocots makes it impossible to graft. Grafting or graftage is a technique used in horticulture that consists of taking tissues from one plant and putting them onto another plant. The two plants will then grow together.
The technique is a type of vegetative reproduction. Grafting is commonly used with roses, and fruit trees. It only works with dicots and gymnosperms and not with monocots. Monocots do not have a vascular cambium, which is needed for the process to work. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of dicot stem internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot) anatomy of stem

Actinostele is the modification of

  1. Protostele

  2. Siphonostele

  3. Solenostele

  4. Dictyostele
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The earliest vascular plants had stems with a central core of vascular tissue. This consisted of a cylindrical strand of xylem, surrounded by a region of phloem. Around the vascular tissue, there might have been an endodermis that regulated the flow of water into and out of the vascular system. Such, an arrangement is termed a protostele, which is the simplest type of stele. Actinostele is a variation of the protostele in which the core is lobed or fluted. This stele is found in many species of club moss. Actinosteles are typically exarch  and consist of several to many patches of protoxylem at the tips of the lobes of the metaxylem. Exarch protosteles are a defining characteristic of the lycophyte lineage.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of dicot stem internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot) anatomy of stem

Major function of cortex is?

  1. Conduction of water

  2. Storage of water

  3. Storage of food

  4. Strength
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A. Conduction of water – xylem conducts water.

B.Storage of water – water storage parenchyma

C.Storage of food – cortex stores reserve food materials.

D. Strength – hypodermis and pericycle in dicot stem provides strength.

So, the correct option is ‘Storage of food’.

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany importance and classification of angiosperms plant adaptation adaptation in plants uses of angiosperms classification of angiosperms

Among the plants listed, point out which one does not fit into ecological group represented by other plants 

  1. Acacia

  2. Rhizophora / Vallisneria

  3. Euphorbia

  4. Aloe
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Acacia, Aloe, Euphorbia are xerophytes plants while Vallisneria is hydrophyte and Rhizophora belongs to the halophyte plant group.