Biology

Plant Biology and Classification

1,473 Questions

Plant Biology and Classification deals with the taxonomy, evolution, and morphological features of the plant kingdom. This collection offers practice questions on plant groups, taxonomic hierarchies, and specific plant characteristics. The questions are tailored for students preparing for biology competitive exams.

Plant taxonomyPteridophytesAngiospermsPlant morphologyAlgae and bryophytesClassification systems

Plant Biology and Classification Questions

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

In lithosere, foliose lichens make the conditions favourable for the growth of

  1. Crustose lichens

  2. Mosses

  3. Annual grasses

  4. Perennial grasses
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In lithosere (xerosere or xerarch), the pioneer community is usually constituted by crustose lichens(e.g., Graphis, Rhizocarpon). Foliose lichens(e.g., Dermatocarpon, Parmelia) kill the crustose lichens by shading them, cause deeper depressions and accumulate more soil particles and organic matter. Foliose lichens make the conditions favourable for the growth of hardy mosses(e.g., Tortula, Grimmia).

So, the correct answer is 'Mosses'.

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
The first organism to be found on a bare rock formation is a

  1. moss

  2. lichen

  3. fern

  4. grass
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Lichen forms a crust over bare rocks and starts forming soil from their organic remains by secreting carbonic acid which results in the chemical breakdown of rocks. 

So, the correct option is 'lichen'.

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Lichens are well known combination of an alga and a fungus where fungus has 

  1. An epiphytic relationship with the alga.

  2. A parasitic relationship with the alga.

  3. A symbiotic relationship with the alga.

  4. A saprophytic relationship with the alga.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Symbiosis in lichens is the mutually helpful symbiotic relationship of green algae and/or blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) living among filaments of a fungus. The fungus benefits from the algae or cyanobacteria, because they produce food by photosynthesis. The algae or cyanobacteria benefit by being protected from the environment by the filaments of the fungus, which also gather moisture and nutrients from the environment, and provide an anchor to it.

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Select the true statements out of the following.

  1. The lichens are curious because they are composite or dual organism.

  2. The apothecium consists of the fungal component only (e.g. Cladonia), such apothecia are called lecideine type.

  3. Parmelia, Physica, Lecanora etc. have more highly developed apothecia called Lecanorine type in which both fungal and algal components are present.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Lichens are a small group of curious plants, they are curious because they are the composite or dual organism. They are the association between fungi and green algae or blue-green bacteria.

Apothecium is round and cup-shaped structure. If the apothecium consists only the fungal component, it is known as lecideine type (e.g., Lecidea, Cladonia, Gyrophora) and if it consists bath algal and fungal components it is known as lecanorine type (e.g., Lecanora, Parmelia).
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

Which one of the following is not a correct statement ?

  1. Herbarium houses dried, pressed and preserved plant specimens

  2. Botanical gardens have collection of living plants for reference

  3. A museum has collection of photographs of plants and animals

  4. Key is a taxonomic aid for identification of specimens
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Museum is the collection of dead and preserved specimen of animals generally.
So, the correct answer is 'A museum has collection of photographs of plants and animals'
Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

Equivalent term to strobili of Selaginella is

  1. Rhizophore

  2. Sporangiferous spike

  3. Ligule

  4. Glossopodium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The strobili of Selaginella or spike moss is heterosporous. It bears both microsporangium and megasporangium on the axis of the microsporophyll and megasporophyll respectively. The strobili with the sporophylls arranged look like a spike or a cone.

Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

Rhizophore is characteristic of

  1. Psilotum

  2. Ophiloglossum

  3. Agaricus

  4. Selaginella
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Rhizophores are leafless axial organs, which apices are the only sites for root formation  are unique to the Selaginella genus. Both rhizophores and roots are dichotomously branched, forming a multibranch rhizophore root system.

Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

Which of the following is not heterosporous?

  1. Selaginella

  2. Pinus

  3. Pteridium

  4. Cycas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Heterospory is the production of two different types of spores by the sporophytes of land plants. Of all the options given in the question Selaginella, Pinus and Cycas all produce micorspores and megaspores for reproduction. However, Pteridium on the other hand is homosporous.

Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

 Selaginella belongs to division

  1. Lycopsida

  2. Pteropsida

  3. Psilopsida

  4. Sphenopsida
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pteridophytes are divided into four classes: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida and Pteropsida. Selaginella belongs to Lycopsida. Selaginella has small leaves called microphylls. Sporophylls are compactly arranged into structures called strobili or cones. They are heterosporous as they produce two types of spores, macro (large) and micro (small).

Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

 Club mosses are

  1. Lycopsida

  2. Pteropsida

  3. Psilopsida

  4. Sphenopsida
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The correct answer is 'lycopsida'

Lycopsida is a group of pteridophytes which consists of club mosses and several related extinct plants.
Pteropsida consists of vascular plants such as ferns .
Psilopsida consists of species of ferns such as ophioglossales.
Sphenopsida consists of horsetails/Equisetum.

Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

Presence of ciliated antherozoids in Dryopteris indicates

  1. Terrestrial habit

  2. Aquatic ancestry

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The multiflagellated antherozoids of Dryopteris, point out that they originated from aquatic ancestors. In auatic environment the multiflagellated antherozoids swim in the water and fertilize the egg. Water is necessary for the fertilisation process. It proves their aquatic ancestry.