Biology

Plant Biology and Classification

1,473 Questions

Plant Biology and Classification deals with the taxonomy, evolution, and morphological features of the plant kingdom. This collection offers practice questions on plant groups, taxonomic hierarchies, and specific plant characteristics. The questions are tailored for students preparing for biology competitive exams.

Plant taxonomyPteridophytesAngiospermsPlant morphologyAlgae and bryophytesClassification systems

Plant Biology and Classification Questions

Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

Prothallus of Dryopteris is a ................ . It bears archegonia on the ................... side. 

  1. Sporophyte, dorsal

  2. Sporophyte, ventral

  3. Gametophyte, dorsal

  4. Gametophyte, ventral
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Spore is uninucleate haploid spherical structure.
  • The spore germinates into gametophyte known as prothallus.
  • Prothallus has archegonia present on the ventral side.
  • Hence, the Prothallus of Dryopteris is a Gametophyte.  It bears archegonia on the ventral side. 
  • So, the correct answer is 'Gametophyte, ventral'.
Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

One side of the same strobilus bears microsporangia other side megasporangia in Selaginella is

  1. Oregana

  2. Krussiana

  3. Rupestris

  4. Martensii
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In older plants, the branches bear reproductive structures at their tips. They are called as strobilus or spondiferous spike. The arrangement of micro and megasporophylls in the strobili of different species is variable. The strobili of S.oregana are among the longest in the flora and they often show several novel features. In S.kraussiana, there is only one megasporangium at the base and the rest of the sporophylls bear microsporangia.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

The name 'male-shield fern' is applied to

  1. Asplenium

  2. Dryopteris

  3. Vittaria

  4. Adiantum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Dryopteris Filix-mas (Linn.) is commonly known as male-shield fern, because they have a shield-shaped protective covering for their spore containing structures. 

Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

Which of following is a heterosporous pteridophyte?

  1. Lycopodium

  2. Selaginella

  3. Pteridium

  4. Dryopteris
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Heterospory is a phenomenon in which two kinds of spores are borne by the same plant. These spores differ in size. The smaller one is known as microspore and the larger one is known as megaspore. The microspore germinates to form the male gametophyte and the megaspore germinates to form the female gametophyte. Heterospory evolved first in pteridophytes such as Selaginella and Salvinia. Hence option B is correct.

Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

'Resurrection or cespitose' are the terms used for those species of pteridophytes which

  1. Are monecious

  2. Roll up during drought

  3. Epiphytic

  4. Hygrophytic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Under dry conditions, the xerophytic species of Selaginella roll into brown balls but remain uprooted. This phenomenon is called as a cespitose habit. But during moist conditions, the brown balls become green and unroll again. Therefore, these plants are called as resurrection plants. e.g. Selaginella lepidophylla and Selaginella bryopteris.

Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

Cone bearing Pteridophyta are

  1. Lycopsida and Psilopsida

  2. Filicinae and Lycopsida

  3. Filicinae and Sphenopsida

  4. Lycopsida and Sphenopsida
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Cone bearing Pteridophyta are Lycopsida and Sphenopsida.

Pteridophytes (Gr. pteron= feather, phyton = plant) constitute the most primitive seedless vascular plants that reproduce by means of spores.
They have 4 sub-divisions:

(i) Psilopsida (Psilopsids)

(ii) Lycopsida (Clubmosses),

(iii) Sphenopsida (Horsetails) and

(iv) Pteropsida(Ferns).

Lycopsida:

1. Plant body more advanced and shows differentiation into root, stem and leaves.

2. Leaves are microphyllous (small) having a single unbranched vein in the midrib region.

3. Sporangia are borne in the axil of the fertile leaves (sporophyils).

4. Sporophyll form compact strobili (singularstrobilus). e.g., Lycopodium, Selaginella.

Sphenopsida:

1. Plant body still more advanced and shows differentiation into nodes and internodes like higher vascular plants.

2. Leaves microphyllous, and arise in whorls at each node.

3. Sporangia develop on sporangiophores which form compact cones at the apex of fertile branches (e.g., Equisetum).
Multiple choice classification of pteridophytes kingdom plantae plant kingdom biology

Selaginella / Fern / Pteridophyte differs from moss in

  1. An independent gametophyte

  2. An independent sporophyte

  3. Swimming antherozoids

  4. Archegonia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In mosses (bryophytes), the sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte. In pteridophytes (like Selaginella/Ferns), the sporophyte is independent.

Multiple choice botany living world lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

The component of a lichen may belong to which of the following kingdom/s?

  1. Plantae

  2. Monera

  3. Fungi

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • The components of lichen include fungi and algae.
  • Algae may be cyanobacteria or green algae.
  • Cyanobacteria belong to the kingdom monera as they are prokaryotic organisms.
  • Green algae belong to Thallophyta of kingdom Plantae.
  • Fungi belong to kingdom fungi.
  • So the correct answer is " Any of the above".
Multiple choice botany living world lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Which of the following pairs include photosynthetic and saprophytic organisms respectively?

  1. Monocot and dicot

  2. Algae and fungi

  3. Mosses and ferns

  4. Ferns and gymnosperms

  5. Gymnosperms and angiosperms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Algae are photosynthetic organisms, while fungi are saprophytic organisms.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

Which of the following set is not show heterospory and heterophily?

  1. Psilotum, Lycopodium, Pteris and Adiantum

  2. Selaginella, Salvinia, Lycopodium and Pteris

  3. Salvinia, Lycopodium, Selaginella and Psilotum

  4. Salvinia, Selaginella, Azolla and Lycopodium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Heterospory and heterophily are advanced traits found in genera like Selaginella, Salvinia, and Azolla. Psilotum, Lycopodium, Pteris, and Adiantum are generally homosporous and do not exhibit these traits.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

Which statement is correct for homosporus pteridophyta ?

  1. Gametophyte is autotrophic, whille sporophyte is parasitic

  2. Gametophyte is semi parasite and sporophyte is autotrophic

  3. Gametophyte and sporophyte are usually parasitic

  4. Sporophyte is autotrophic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In homosporous pteridophytes, the gametophyte (prothallus) is typically small, independent, and autotrophic, while the sporophyte is the dominant, independent, and autotrophic phase. Option A correctly identifies the autotrophic nature of the gametophyte.