Biology

Plant Biology and Classification

1,473 Questions

Plant Biology and Classification deals with the taxonomy, evolution, and morphological features of the plant kingdom. This collection offers practice questions on plant groups, taxonomic hierarchies, and specific plant characteristics. The questions are tailored for students preparing for biology competitive exams.

Plant taxonomyPteridophytesAngiospermsPlant morphologyAlgae and bryophytesClassification systems

Plant Biology and Classification Questions

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

In majority of lichens, there is association of

  1. Green algae and ascomycetes

  2. Green algae and basidiomycetes

  3. Blue green algae and ascomycetes

  4. Blue green algae and basidiomycetes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The lichen fungi (kingdom Fungi-ascomycetes) cultivate partners that manufacture food by photosynthesis. Sometimes, the partners are algae (kingdom Protista), other times cyanobacteria (kingdom Monera), formerly called as blue-green algae.

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Which of the following structure helps in the respiration of lichens _____________.

  1. Soredia

  2. Cyphella

  3. Isoidia

  4. Cephalodia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The cyphellae are small circular depressions and are found irregularly scattered on the underside of some lichens such as Sticta. They have a definite rim made of spherical thin walled cells and open into the medulla of the lichen. 
So, the correct answer is 'Cyphella'
Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Soredium is a propagule of __________.

  1. Lichens

  2. Phycomycetes

  3. Zygomycetes

  4. Both axcomycetes and basidiomycetes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Soredia are common reproductive structures of lichens. 
  •  Soredia are powdery propagules composed of fungal hyphae wrapped around cyanobacteria or green algae.
  •  These can be either scattered diffusely across the surface of the lichen's thallus, or produced in localized structures called soralia.
Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Lichens have an actual relationship of 

  1. Parasitism

  2. Mutualism

  3. Helotism

  4. Epiphytism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In lichens, a relationship occurs in which the fungus lives as a dominant organism and algae like a slave, the relationship is known as helotism. It is a form of symbiosis in which one species is forced to perform tasks for another, for their mutual benefit. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Lichens show symbiotic relationships between

  1. Fungus and roots of higher plants

  2. Fungus and alga

  3. Two algae

  4. Two fungi
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A lichen is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria (or both) living among filaments of a fungus in a symbiotic relationship. The combined life form has properties that are very different from the properties of its component organisms. The fungus benefits from the symbiotic relation because algae or cyanobacteria produce food by photosynthesis. The algae or cyanobacteria benefit by being protected from the environment by the filaments of the fungus, which also gather moisture and nutrients from the environment, and (usually) provide an anchor to it. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Lichens multiply by 

  1. Conidia

  2. Oidia

  3. Ascopores

  4. Soredia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Lichens reproduce vegetatively by soredia formation. It is the most common form of reproduction where small protuberances are formed on the thallus. They may have a definite pustule or appear as greyish dust. Many lichens reproduce asexually, either by vegetative reproduction or through dispersal of diaspores, which contain a few algal cells surrounded by fungal cells. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

In majority of lichens, there is association of ___________.

  1. Green algae and ascomycetes

  2. Green algae and basidiomycetes

  3. Blue-green algae and ascomycetes

  4. Blue-green algae and basidiomycetes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Lichens are symbiotic organisms consisting of a fungal partner (mycobiont) and an algal or cyanobacterial partner (phycobiont). In the vast majority of lichens, the fungal partner is an ascomycete, and the photosynthetic partner is either green algae or blue-green algae (cyanobacteria).

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Lichen with a branched system but small base is :

  1. Fruticose

  2. Foliose

  3. Crustose

  4. Symbiont
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Lichens with a branched system but small base are Fruticose.


Lichens are a complex life form of a symbiotic partnership of two separate organisms, a fungus, and algae. The dominant among then is a fungus. The algae can be either green algae or cyanobacteria or both fungus. 

These are $3$ main types of lichens. Foliose, Fructose, and Crustose. Foliose lichens have $2$ easily distinguishable sides, top, and bottom. Fruticose lichens have round branches that have a central core and others are hollow in the middle. 

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Select the correct match :

  1. Phytoplankton - Protozoa

  2. Symbiosis - Lichen

  3. Holozoic nutrition - Fungi

  4. Autotrophs - Monerans
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Symbiosis in lichen is the mutually helpful symbiotic relationship of green algae living among the filaments of a fungus, forming a lichen. Example, Usnea

So, the correct answer is 'Symbiosis - Lichen'

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Majority of lichens are made of

  1. Blue-green algae and basidiomycetes

  2. Blue-green algae and ascomycetes

  3. Red algae and ascomycetes

  4. Brown algae and higher plants
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The majority of lichens are formed by the association of an ascomycete fungus and a photosynthetic partner, which is frequently a green alga or a blue-green alga (cyanobacterium).

Multiple choice botany adaptations to different ecosystems lichen lichens lichens ( the nature's pioneers )

Growth of Lichens on barren rocks is followed by the growth of____________.

  1. Moss

  2. Ferns

  3. Gymnosperms

  4. Algae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The process of community development over time, which involves species in one stage being replaced by other species, is called ecological succession. It is divided as primary succession and secondary succession. An area is initially colonized by certain early-successional species such as Lichens, they are often the first organism to colonize an area that will undergo primary succession. Once new soil has formed in an area it gives way over time to mild-successional species, such as mosses and grasses, which in turn give way much later to late-successional species.