Biology

Plant Biology and Classification

1,473 Questions

Plant Biology and Classification deals with the taxonomy, evolution, and morphological features of the plant kingdom. This collection offers practice questions on plant groups, taxonomic hierarchies, and specific plant characteristics. The questions are tailored for students preparing for biology competitive exams.

Plant taxonomyPteridophytesAngiospermsPlant morphologyAlgae and bryophytesClassification systems

Plant Biology and Classification Questions

Multiple choice biology pollination and fertilization agents of pollination environmental conservation and biodiversity pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo

Vallisneria spiralis is a classical example of

  1. Epihydrophily

  2. Hypohydrophily

  3. Anemophily

  4. Chiropterophily
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a male part of a plant (anther) to a female part of a plant (stigma), enabling later fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by the wind. Hydrophily is a fairly uncommon form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by the flow of waters, particularly in rivers and streams. Epihydrophily is a pseudo hydrophily that occurs on the surface of the water. Vallisneria pollen grains are released on the surface of the water, which are passively carried away by water currents; some of them eventually reach the female flower.

So the correct option is 'epihydrophily'.

Multiple choice chemistry p-block elements oxides of elements simple oxides oxygen

Which of the following constitutes a set amphoteric species.?

  1. $H _3O^+, H _2PO^- _4, HCO^- _3$
  2. $H _2O, HPO^{2-} _4, H _2PO^- _2$
  3. $H _2O, H _2PO^- _3, HPO^{2-} _4$
  4. $HC _2O^- _4, H _2PO^- _4, SO^{2-} _4$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Amphoteric species can act as both acids and bases. H2O, H2PO3-, and HPO4(2-) can all donate or accept protons depending on the reaction environment.

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany taxonomy and systematics systematics of living world kingdom plantae plant taxonomy classification of biodiversity

Artificial system of classification classifies plants on the basis of

  1. One or very few characters

  2. Phylogenetic trends

  3. Many naturally existing characters

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The major advantage of the artificial system of the classification is considering one or few characters of the plants, so the option (A) is the correct answer.
The phylogenetic trends consideration are all comes under the natural classification, so the option (B) is not the correct answer.
The option (C) refers, many naturally existing characters, which is suitable for the natural classification, not for artificial classification, so the option (C) is also not the correct answer.

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany taxonomy and systematics systematics of living world kingdom plantae plant taxonomy classification of biodiversity

Aristotle classify plants into

  1. Trees

  2. Shrubs

  3. Trees, shrubs and herbs

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Classification is the arrangement of living organisms into groups on the basis of similarities and dissimilarities between them and placing within taxonomic hierarchy such as kingdom, genus, species etc. Aristotle was the first to give a scientific basis for classification. He classified living organisms into two groups; plants and animals.
He divided plants into trees, shrubs and herbs on the basis of simple morphological characters.
So, the correct answer is 'Trees, shrubs and herbs'.
Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany taxonomy and systematics systematics of living world kingdom plantae plant taxonomy classification of biodiversity

Which is essential and is the prime sources of taxonomic studies of plants and animals?

  1. Identification

  2. Nomenclature

  3. Classification

  4. Collection of actual specimen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Taxonomy is the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms and includes all plants, animals and microorganisms of the world using morphological, behavioural, genetic and biochemical observations, taxonomists identify, describe and arrange species into classifications including those that are new to science.

So, the correct option is 'Identification'.

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany taxonomy and systematics systematics of living world kingdom plantae plant taxonomy classification of biodiversity

Which of the following classification is based in some morphological characters?

  1. Artificial

  2. Natural

  3. Phylogenetic

  4. Both (A) and (c)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Artificial systems of classification are based on a few easily observable morphological characters rather than evolutionary relationships.

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany taxonomy and systematics systematics of living world kingdom plantae plant taxonomy classification of biodiversity

Phytochemistry is not the basis of classification in

  1. Artificial system

  2. Chemotaxonomy

  3. Natural system

  4. More than one option is correct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Artificial systems rely solely on superficial morphological traits and do not incorporate chemical data, unlike chemotaxonomy.

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany taxonomy and systematics systematics of living world kingdom plantae plant taxonomy classification of biodiversity

Taxonomy refers to

  1. Classification

  2. Plant nomenclature

  3. Plant affinity

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Taxonomy is the branch of science that deals with principles, rules and procedure of classification of organisms based on their similarities and dissimilarities. 

Since, identification and nomenclature is the prerequisite for classification; the first step in taxonomy is identification followed by nomenclature and then classification.
Nomenclature refers to assign a universal scientific name to taxon based on the international rules agreed upon by ICBN/ICZN/ ICVN/ICNCP to maintain uniformity in the system. 
Classification is arrangement of organisms into groups on the basis of their similarities and is preceded by identification and nomenclature. So, option A is the correct answer.

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany taxonomy and systematics systematics of living world kingdom plantae plant taxonomy classification of biodiversity

In a taxonomy, the first step is

  1. Identification

  2. Nomenclature

  3. Classification

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Taxonomy is the branch of science that deals with principles, rules and procedure of classification of organisms based on their similarities and dissimilarities. Since identification and nomenclature is the prerequisite for classification; the first step in taxonomy is identification followed by nomenclature and then classification. So, option A is the correct answer. 

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany taxonomy and systematics systematics of living world kingdom plantae plant taxonomy classification of biodiversity

Phylogeny refers to

  1. Natural classification

  2. Evolutionary classification

  3. Evolutionary history

  4. Origin of algae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The term phylogeny deals with the study of the evolutionary history of an organism. The classification which is based on the evolutionary relationship of organisms is referred to as phylogenetic classification. The evolutionary changes, lineage and history are taken into account during the classification.  

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany taxonomy and systematics systematics of living world kingdom plantae plant taxonomy classification of biodiversity

The term taxon refers to

  1. Name of a species

  2. Name of genus

  3. Name of family

  4. A taxonomic group of any rank
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Taxon represents taxonomic group of any rank. Each plant belongs to a hierarchy of taxa which are assigned taxonomic ranks. For example, different taxa for onion are Allium cepa (species rank), Allium (genus rank), liliaceae (family rank), thus Allium cepa, Allium, liliaceae are different taxa to which onion belongs. 

Name of a species refers to group of potentially interbreeding, morphologically similar individuals. A genus is a taxonomic rank that constitutes single species of monophyletic group of species that share a sum total of characters, though they cannot interbreed. A group of closely related genera, that share some common morphological features but are reproductively incompatible, constitutes a family. Thus, names of species, genus and family represent taxa of a particular hierarchy which makes them wrong answer as a taxon can belong to any of taxonomic ranks. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany taxonomy and systematics systematics of living world kingdom plantae plant taxonomy classification of biodiversity

In which classification phylogeny is not considered.

  1. Artificial classification

  2. Practical classification

  3. Natural classification

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Artificial classification systems are based on arbitrary morphological traits and explicitly ignore evolutionary history (phylogeny).

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany taxonomy and systematics systematics of living world kingdom plantae plant taxonomy classification of biodiversity

Taxonomists feel difficulty in classification of 

  1. Prokaryotes

  2. Unicellular eukaryotes

  3. Plants

  4. Animals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Diverse nutritional habits ranging from autotrophic to obligate intracellular parasite; thus they can be autotrophs like plants, heterotrophs like animals and decomposers/saprotrophs like algae. They are classified on the basis of phylogenetic relationship based on rRNA sequences. Option B is correct. Prokaryotes are characterized by absence of true membrane bound nucleus and intracellular membranous structures; these characters differentiate them from eukaryotic organisms. Option A is incorrect. Plants are eukaryotic organisms with characteristic cell wall and autotrophic mode of nutrition. Option C is incorrect. Animals differ from plants by absence of cell wall and heterotrophic mode of nutrition. Option D is incorrect. Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany taxonomy and systematics systematics of living world kingdom plantae plant taxonomy classification of biodiversity

First phylogenetic system of plant classification was given by

  1. Engler and Prantl

  2. Eichler

  3. Oswald Tippo

  4. Bentham and Hooker
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Eichler classified the plant kingdom into two sub-kingdoms namely Cryptogamae (absence of flowers and seeds and reproduces by spores) and Phanerogamae (presence of flowers and seeds) in the year 1833. He accepted the concept of evolution and considered the simple characters with respect to related plants. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany taxonomy and systematic botany taxonomy and systematics systematics of living world kingdom plantae plant taxonomy classification of biodiversity

The system of classification proposed by Bentham and Hooker is a

  1. Artificial

  2. Natural

  3. Phylogenetic

  4. Numerical
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Natural system of classification was proposed to classify the organism on the basis of similarities which can be easily observed. The classification takes into consideration the number of similar and different characters. The natural system of classification was introduced by Bentham and Hooker for the plants which have seeds. This was explained in the book Genera Plantarum which was published in three volumes and based on the work of these scientists.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.