Biology

Plant Biology and Classification

1,796 Questions

Plant Biology and Classification deals with the taxonomy, evolution, and morphological features of the plant kingdom. This collection offers practice questions on plant groups, taxonomic hierarchies, and specific plant characteristics. The questions are tailored for students preparing for biology competitive exams.

Plant taxonomyPteridophytesAngiospermsPlant morphologyAlgae and bryophytesClassification systems

Plant Biology and Classification Questions

Multiple choice botany asexual and sexual reproduction in plants structure of male and female reproductive structures structure of ovule gynoecium
A noncellular layer present on the outside of nucellus is

  1. Integument

  2. Exine

  3. Endostomium

  4. Cuticle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
• The integument is the protective covering of ovule. Integuments may be one or two in number.
• The exine is the outer layer of pollen cell wall. It is chiefly composed of sporopollenin.
• Endostomium, also known as endostome, is the space between the inner Integument and Nucellus.
• Cuticle is a waxy covering which fills the space between the ovary wall and outer integument.
Thus, a non-cellular layer present on the outside of nucellus is Cuticle.
So, the correct answer is D.
Multiple choice botany internal structure of root, stem and leaf internal structure of monocot stem internal structure of monocots internal structure of stem(dicot and monocot)

The stele present in Equisetum is

  1. Haplostele

  2. Actinostlele

  3. Plectostele

  4. Siphonostele
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  1. Haplostele consist of smooth ore of xylem which is surrounded by a phloem ring.ex-Seleginella
  2. Actinostele consist of star shape xylem core with many radiating arms.ex-Lycopodium
  3. Plectostele consist of xylem core broken into a number of parallel plates.ex-Lycopodium clavatum
  4. Siphonostele is a protostele with central pith and considered to be the most advance stele.ex-Equisetum.
So the correct option is "Siphonostele".

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms

Belt's corpuscles occur on

  1. Casuarina roots

  2. Casuarina leaves

  3. Leaves of Acacia sphaerocephala

  4. Roots of Acacia sphaerocephala
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Belt's corpuscles are certain corpuscles containing food secreted by the plants at the tips of their leaflets for ants to maintain myrmecophily. They are seen in leaves of acacia sphaerocephala as it is a myrmecophile.

So, the correct answer is 'Leaves of Acacia sphaerocephala'.

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms

Which of the following is wrong about xerophytes?

  1. Sunken stomata

  2. Small spiny leaves

  3. Thick cuticle

  4. Large number of stomata
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

 Xerophytes show structural adaptations to discourage water loss through transpiration and increase water absorption. Such, adaptations include small spiny leaves, thick waxy cuticle on leaf surface, sunken stomata and well developed vascular tissue. Leaves show reduction in number of stomata to cut off transpiration losses of water. Also some succulents show 'Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)'. Their stomata open only during night.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services plant adaptation adaptation in plants plant habitat importance and classification of angiosperms

The plants of this group are adapted to live partly in water and partly above substratum and free from water. Name the group.

  1. Xerophytes

  2. Thalophytes

  3. Halophytes

  4. Hydrophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Halophytes are plants adapted to grow in saline conditions. They grow in mangroves, coastal dunes and marshes. The environmental conditions are high salinity and high level of water. The lower parts of trees are permanently submerged in water and grow pneumatophores for gaseous exchange and respiration. The upper parts of these plants are not submerged and freely exposed to atmosphere.

Multiple choice properties of enzyme enzyme properties enzymes biomolecules: chemical constituents of living cells biology

The nomenclatural type of a specimen selected by the author as substitute of a lost material on which the name of the taxon is base is called.

  1. Syntype

  2. Neotype

  3. Lectotype

  4. Paratype
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

According to the International Code of Nomenclature, a neotype is a specimen selected as the nomenclatural type when all original material is lost or destroyed. A lectotype is chosen from original material when no holotype was designated.

Multiple choice biology biodiversity and classification animal classification and its benefits criteria for new system of classification five kingdoms of living organisms

Maximum diversity is seen amongst

  1. Monera

  2. Animalia

  3. Plantae

  4. Protista
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Animals are multicellular eukaryotes that form the kingdom Animalia. They occupy a variety of habitats and are found all across the world. It has been estimated that there are around 7 million animal species in the world out of which, 1.5 million have been discovered so far and are being studied. Out of these 1.5 million living animals, 1 million are insects. 

So, the correct answer is 'Animalia'.

Multiple choice botany male & female gametophytes: structure and development pollen grain androecium male gametophyte

Sporopollenin is formed by the polymerization of

  1. Fat and phenols

  2. Fats and esters

  3. Carotenoids and fat

  4. Carotenoid and esters
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Sporopollenin is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, though the exact chemical composition is not known, due to its unusual chemical stability and resistance to degradation by enzymes and strong chemical reagents. Analyses have revealed a mixture of biopolymers, containing mainly long chain fatty acids, phenylpropanoids, phenolics and traces of carotenoids. 
So the correct option is 'Fats and phenols'.
Multiple choice biology reproduction in higher plants growth and development in plants sexual reproduction in plants post fertilization - plants

Vivipary in plants is the character of

  1. Xerophytes

  2. Hydrophytes

  3. Mangroves

  4. Epiphytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vivipary is a condition where plants produce seeds which germinate before they detach from the parent. 
Xerophytes are terrestrial plants which have adapted to survive in environment with little water, like desert or ice covered region. Seeds of such plants are modified to require more water before germination, so to make sure that there is sufficient supply of water for seedling survival. Hence, xerophytes do not show vivipary. 
Hydrophytes are plants which are adapted to survive in aquatic conditions.
Such plants show reproductive adaptation-
1. Production of buoyant seeds which can float on high flooded water and delay germination process.
2. Plants grow quickly after germination and form an extended shoot on water surface. 
Therefore, hydrophytes do not show vivipary. 
Epiphytes are plants which are not rooted in soil but grows on bodies of other plants. But they are not parasites, they produce their own food. Epiphytes show reproductive adaptations as,
1. They produce colorful flowers to attract many pollinators.
2. They also produce strong nectar to lure pollinators.
3. After pollination they produce large number of small seeds which can be dispersed by wind.
But epiphytes do not show vivipary.
Mangroves are various types of trees of medium height which are found in saline coastal habitat. Vivipary is a type of reproductive adaptation shown by mangroves. Mangroves show adaptation to survive in harsh, unstable, dynamic environment, low oxygen and varying salinity of soils. The salinity of the surrounding water and soil damage the seeds. The unstable flood can destroy the seeds. In such environment, if seeds are dispersed in water then their chances of survival are very less. Therefore, mangroves show vivipary.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany know the plant world closely nutrition and its types types of nutrition in plants different modes of nutrition in plants

The smallest angiospermic$/$ dicot parasite is?

  1. Arceuthobium

  2. Wolffia

  3. Cassytha

  4. Rafflesia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A. Arceuthobium also called dwarf mistletoe, is a parasitic plant growing on pine etc. Its length is about 5mm-8mm. It is the smallest parasitic angiosperm known till date.

B. Wolffia is the smallest angiosperm about 2mm but it is not a parasite.
C. Cassytha is a parasitic climber about 2-5m in size.
D. Rafflesia is a total root parasite with the largest flower.
So, the correct answer is 'Arceuthobium'.

Multiple choice botany know the plant world closely nutrition and its types types of nutrition in plants different modes of nutrition in plants

A plant living symbiotically inside another plant is called

  1. Saprophyte

  2. Endophyte

  3. Semiparasite

  4. Parasite
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A plant living symbiotically inside another plant is called endophyte because endophytes are plants that live within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease.

So, the correct answer is 'Endophyte'.

Multiple choice botany know the plant world closely nutrition and its types types of nutrition in plants different modes of nutrition in plants

Cucurbritaceae family shows:

  1. Collateral, Conjoint and open vascular bundle

  2. Bi-Collateral, Conjoint and closed vascular bundle

  3. Collateral, Conjoint and closed vascular bundle

  4. Bi-Collateral, Conjoint and open vascular bundle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Members of the Cucurbritaceae family characteristically possess bicollateral, conjoint, and open vascular bundles. Bicollateral bundles have phloem on both the outer and inner sides of the xylem, and being open means they contain a cambium layer capable of secondary growth.