Biology

Plant Biology and Classification

1,796 Questions

Plant Biology and Classification deals with the taxonomy, evolution, and morphological features of the plant kingdom. This collection offers practice questions on plant groups, taxonomic hierarchies, and specific plant characteristics. The questions are tailored for students preparing for biology competitive exams.

Plant taxonomyPteridophytesAngiospermsPlant morphologyAlgae and bryophytesClassification systems

Plant Biology and Classification Questions

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

Which of the following is the largest groups of gymnosperms?

  1. Cycads

  2. Gnetinae

  3. Cycadofilicales

  4. Conifers
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Conifers are most abundant in cool temperate and boreal regions, where they are important timber trees and ornamentals, but they are most diverse in warmer areas, including tropical mountains. They are the largest group of gymnosperms.
 The largest group of living gymnosperms are the conifers (pines, cypresses and relatives) and the smallest is ginkgo, a single living plant species found in China.
There are around 1000 species of gymnosperm. 

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology
Gymnosperms are classified into monocots and dicots

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • The correct answer is 'false'

Monocots and dicots are types of angiosperms and not gymnosperms as the presence of covered seed and cotyledons is a feature of angiosperms only.

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

The plant kingdom is comprised of four major divisions (phyla), each of which has evolved to be more complex than the next. Answer the following question using the choices provided. The answer choices may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
This division of the plant kingdom has true vascular tissues and possesses leaves that are often reduced in size which allow them to conserve water. Their gametophyte generation is greatly reduced in size and demonstrates a great difference in size between the male and female gametophyte. This group also possesses woody stems. demonstrating that they have secondary growth. 

  1. Phaeophyta

  2. Angiosperms

  3. Conifers

  4. Pteridophytes (Tracheophytes)

  5. Bryophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. Phaeophyta includes the brown algae that are multicellular organisms having the pigments chlorophyll a and c and fucoxanthin also.
B. Angiosperms are the seed-bearing, flowering vascular plants in which seeds are enclosed in fruits.
C. Conifers are the gymnosperms that are naked seeded plants having a sporophytic plant body which is differentiated into roots, stems, and leaves. Leaves are modified to form needle-like structures to prevent excessive water loss. The stem is woody and shows secondary growth due to the activity of vascular cambium. In conifers, gametophytic generation is highly reduced.
D. Pteridophytes are the seedless vascular plants in which sporophyte represents the dominant phase of a life cycle and the gametophyte is dependent on sporophyte
E. Bryophytes are the simplest and among first land inhabiting plants having two distinct multicellular stages in the life cycle, gametophyte and sporophyte. Gametophytic generation is dominant over a sporophytic generation and the sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte.
Hence the characteristics given in the question demonstrate that the division is Conifers.
So, the correct answer is 'Conifers'.
Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

Which one of the following has not changed for the last several thousand years?

  1. Dryopteris

  2. Gnetum

  3. Ginkgo

  4. Palms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ginkgo is widely recognized as a living fossil that has shown little morphological change over geological time.

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

Which class is included under gymnosperms?

  1. Cycadopsida

  2. Pteropsida

  3. Sphenopsida

  4. Lycopsida

  5. Bryopsida
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cycadopsida is a class within the division Gymnospermae. The other options listed (Pteropsida, Sphenopsida, Lycopsida) are classes of Pteridophytes.

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

Gymnosperms with vessels are ________

  1. Cycadales

  2. Coniferales

  3. Gnetales

  4. Ginkgoales
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Gnetales are unique among gymnosperms because they possess vessels in their xylem, a trait typically associated with angiosperms.

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

Which one pair of examples will correctly represent the grouping Spermatophyta according to one of the schemes of classifying plants : -

  1. Acacia, Sugarcane

  2. Pinus, Cycas

  3. Rhizopus, Triticum

  4. Ginkgo, Pisum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Spermatophyta includes seed-bearing plants and this includes gymnosperms and angiosperms. Acacia and sugarcane both are angiosperms. Pinus and Cycas both are gymnosperms. Rhizopus belongs to kingdom fungi and Triticum is an angiosperm. Ginkgo is a gymnospermic plant so it comes before angiospermic plant, Pisum (pea). Rhizopus is a fungus and Triticum (wheat) is an angiospermic plant. Option 'b' has both angiospermic plants and option 'D' has both gymnospermic plants.

So, the correct answer is 'Ginkgo, Pisum'.
Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

Read the following statement (A-E) and answer the question which follows them.

(A) In liverworts, mosses, and ferns, gametophytes are free-living
(B) Gymnosperms and some ferns are heterosporous.
(C) Sexual reproduction in Fucus, Volvox, and Albugo is oogamous.
(D) The sporophyte in liverworts is more elaborate than that in mosses.
(E) Both, Pinus and Marchantia are dioecious.

How many of the above statements are correct?

  1. Two

  2. Three

  3. Four

  4. One
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Gametophytes of liverworts, mosses, and ferns are independent and so are free-living.
  • Gymnosperms and some ferns are heterosporous, meaning has two different types of spores.
  • Sexual reproduction in Fucus, Volvox, and Albugo is monogamous meaning they have small flagellated male gamete and large non-flagellated female gamete.
  • The sporophyte of moss is more elaborate than the liverworts.
  • Pinus is monoecious while Marchantia is dioecious.

Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Three'.

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

Sequoia belongs to

  1. Cycadofilicales

  2. Gnetales

  3. Coniferales

  4. Dicots
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Sequoia trees are evergreen conifers. It is a member of Coniferale, family (also known as Pinnales). It is an evergreen, long-lived, monoecious tree living 1,200–1,800 years or more. It is a typically reddish brown tree with a brownish soft thick bark and are found on the western slopes of California.

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

Which group is largest in gymnosperms?

  1. Cycadales

  2. Gnetales

  3. Coniferales

  4. Cordaitales
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Conifers are a magnificent group of gymnosperm plants that produce seeds without fruit or flowers. They include some incredible trees, such as the 'Giant Sequoias' of North America, that can grow over 110 m tall.

The conifers are by far the largest group of gymnosperms with around 630 species worldwide of a total approximation of around 860 species. The word 'conifer' is Latin for 'cone bearing', because conifers produce cones within which they produce pollen (male cone) and grow seeds (female cone).

Conifers are all woody plants, mostly trees and a few shrubby species, they have either needle-like or scale-like leaves and most species are evergreen. They include the economically important pines and many other timber species that are exploited for use in construction and paper.

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

Most gymnosperms have

  1. Both archegonia and antheridia

  2. Antheridia but no archegonia

  3. Archegonia but no antheridia

  4. Neither antheridia nor archegonia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Gymnosperms have archegonia but no antheridia. The plants of this division are heterosporous. While the microspores or pollen grains produce the male gametophyte, the single megaspore within megasporangium (nucellus) develops into a female gametophyte, that bears two or more archegonia or female sex-organs. Also, there is no antheridium in which the sperm are produced.

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

Which one of these does not require external water for fertilization?

  1. Ferns

  2. Algae

  3. Cycads

  4. Bryophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • Ferns, algae, and bryophytes find water as an essential element for fertilisation to take place. Because they are in need of water for the movement of sperms, etc. Whereas the condition is not similar in the case of Cycas.

Fertilization in Cycas;
  • The pollen tube grows towards the archegonium of the female gametophyte. There, the end of the pollen tube bursts and discharges its contents into the archegonia chamber.
  • The spermatozoids are set free in the archegonia chamber. They swim towards the neck of the archegonium and make their way down to the egg cell. One of the spermatozoids fuses with the egg uncles i.e. oosphere.
Fertilization is thus effected. 
  • The fertilized oosphere is subsequently surrounded by a wall to form oospores (2n).

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

Which gymnosperm group includes all fossil plants?

  1. Gnetales

  2. Cycadales

  3. Cycadofilicales

  4. Coniferales
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cycadofilicales, also known as Pteridosperms or seed ferns, are an extinct group of gymnosperms known only from the fossil record.

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

A gymnosperm lacking archegonium is

  1. Pinus

  2. Ephedra

  3. Cycas

  4. Gnetum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gnetum is a genus of gymnosperms that lacks archegonia in its female gametophyte, which is a significant evolutionary departure from most other gymnosperms.

Multiple choice gymnosperms pictorial feature of plant kingdom biology

State whether the following statements are true or false.
One can easily differentiate between a protonema of moss and a multicellular, filamentous green alga as the former does not contain chloroplast in the rhizoids and bears buds which give rise to erect, leafy gametophores.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Answer A: True
Protonema is a thread-like chain of cells that form the earliest stage of the life cycle of mosses and liverworts. It does not contain chloroplast in rhizoids and bear buds.