Biology

Plant Biology and Classification

1,796 Questions

Plant Biology and Classification deals with the taxonomy, evolution, and morphological features of the plant kingdom. This collection offers practice questions on plant groups, taxonomic hierarchies, and specific plant characteristics. The questions are tailored for students preparing for biology competitive exams.

Plant taxonomyPteridophytesAngiospermsPlant morphologyAlgae and bryophytesClassification systems

Plant Biology and Classification Questions

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Classification system given by Linnaeus was based on 

  1. Androecium structure

  2. Flower arrangements

  3. Leaf morphology

  4. Plant habit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Carolus Linnaeus is considered as the 'Father of Taxonomy'. He developed a way to name and organize species. 
  • Linnaeus’s artificial system of classification was based on the androecium structure. The significance of flower and fruit structures was first recognized by him. He emphasized the basic numerical characteristics of sexual parts i.e., stamens and carpels. Thus the Linnaeus system is also known as a sexual system.

So the answer is 'Androecium structure'. 
Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Oswald Tippo placed slime molds in

  1. Cyanophyta

  2. Chlorophyta

  3. Phaeophyta

  4. Myxomycophyta
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Oswald Tippo, University of Illiniois 1942, classified plant kingdom into two sub-kingdoms: Thallophyta (thalloid plant body without distinct alternation of generations) and Embryophyta (organ level differentiation of plant body with regular alternation of sporophyte and gametophyte generations). The sub-kingdom thallophyta was divided into 10 phyla: Cyanophyta (Blue green algae), Euglenophyta (Grass green algae), Chrysophyta (Yellow green algae), Chlorophyta (Green algae), Pyrrophyta (Golden brown algae), Phaeophyta (Brown algae), Rhodophyta (Red algae), Schizomycophyta (Bacteria), Myxomycophyta (Slime molds) and Eumycophyta (True fungi). Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

The scientific name of a species 'X' was given by scientist in 1960 as 'P' and another scientist gave another name to the species in 1990 as 'Q'. Which is considered as valid name?

  1. P.

  2. Q.

  3. Both P and Q.

  4. None of them.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

According to the principle of priority in the International Code of Nomenclature, the earliest validly published name for a taxon is the correct one. Since 'P' was published in 1960, it takes precedence over the name 'Q' published in 1990.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Linnaeus proposed an outline of plant classification in

  1. Genera Plantarum

  2. Species Plantarurn

  3. Systema Naturae

  4. Philosophia Botanica
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Linnaeus is described as the father of taxonomy due to his immense contribution in the field of nomenclature and taxonomy. He identified and classified 24 classes of flowering plants based on the number of stamens. He divided these classes into orders on the basis of carpel characteristics. This sexual, as well as artificial classification system, was first described in his book called as Systema Naturae. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Carolus Linnaeus classified plant kingdom on the basis of

  1. Floral morphology

  2. Overall morphology of plants

  3. Type of sexual reproduction

  4. Anatomical character
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Linnaeus is considered as 'father of taxonomy'. He identified 24 classes of flowering plants based on the number of stamens and their adnate or connate state. He divided these classes into orders on the basis of carpel characteristics. Thus, option A is the correct answer.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

System of classification proposed by Linnaeus was

  1. Artificial

  2. Natural

  3. Sexual

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Linnaeus is considered as the father of taxonomy. He classified the flowering plants based on the floral characters. The classification was based on the number of stamens and the basis of carpel characteristics. Since, his classification employed sexual characters, it is termed as sexual classification. The artificial system of classification is based on the observable characters such as habit, number, forms, the number of stamen which makes the classification system proposed by Linnaeus as an artificial system.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Number of plants described by Linnaeus is

  1. 15000

  2. 13291

  3. 5900

  4. 2781
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Carl Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist, and zoologist laid the foundations for the modern biological naming scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology.
The establishment of universally accepted conventions for the naming of organisms was Linnaeus' main contribution to taxonomy—the starting point of consistent use of binomial nomenclature in his books like Systema Natura, Species Plantarum, Genera Plantarum in which he described 5900 plants in total.
So, the correct option is '5900'.
Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Consider the following statements with reference to criterion/criteria used in the classification of plants in the engler and Prantl's system.
a. The families were arranged according to the increasing complexity of flower and fruit.
b. In flowering plants absence of perianth was considered as a primitive character
c. Monocots were considered to be more primitive than dicots
d. Unisexual flowers were derived from bisexual flowers.
Which of the statements given are correct?

  1. $1$ and $2$
  2. $1$ and $4$
  3. $1, 2$ and $3$
  4. $2, 3$ and $4$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  1. In the rules of nomenclature, families are arranged according to the arrangement of the complexity of flower (position of the gynoecium, the arrangement of anthers etc) and fruit (originated from ovary, or from thalamus ).
  2. Perianth means the fusion of calyx and corolla (lily) but similar structure also found in mosses and liverworts (bryophytes) and as these are the primitive plant it is supposed that perianth is a primitive character.
  3. Monocots were considered more advanced than dicots in the way of photosynthesis they have more advance system and are called C$ _4$ plants and their vascular bundles, the arrangement of leaves etc are much different and evolved the dicots.
  4. Plants adopted unisexuality and evolved from bisexuality to prevent genetic depression it is one of the most common methods of prevention of Autogamy and geitonogamy.
So the correct option is "1 and 2".

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

In Bentham and Hooker's system classification, ranales are included under

  1. Calyciflorae

  2. Inferae

  3. Disciflorae

  4. Thalamiflorae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In the Bentham and Hooker classification they were characterized as having "stamens usually many, carpels free, endosperm conspicuous, embryo small". The Ranales were the first cohort of the Thalamiflorae according to this classification.

So, the correct option is ' Thalamiflorae'.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Bentham and Hooker proposed their system of classification in

  1. Genera Plantarum

  2. Species Plantarum

  3. Historia Plantarum

  4. Historia Naturae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Bentham and Hooker proposed their system of classification in the book Genera Plantarum. In this book, they gave the biggest and natural classification of seed plants. Their system of classification was based on the principle of natural affinities and is considered as pre-Darwinian as it does not take evolution into account.

So, the correct option is 'Genera Plantarum'.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

A 'type' is one particular specimen (or a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached. Match column I (type) with column II(description) and select the correct option from the codes given.

Column I Column II
A. Holotype  (i) A specimen cited with an original description other than the holotype or isotype
B. Isotype (ii) A duplicate of the holotype
C. Paratype (iii) A specimen designated in the original description
D. Lectotype (iv) A specimen selected from original material to serve as nomenclatural type when the holotype was not designated.

  1. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iv)

  2. A-(iii), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(iv)

  3. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(i)

  4. A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(ii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Holotype is a valuable original specimen that describes a new species. It is a term used to describe a specimen that is the first known of its kind anywhere in the world. A holotype can be any type of fossil, and it serves as the name-bearer of the species.
Isotype is an individual specimen that is similar enough genetically to the holotype to be considered to part of the same taxonomic group.
Paratype is a specimen cited in the protologue that is neither the holotype, isotype, nor one of the syntypes. These are often listed as representative specimens in the original description.
Lectotype is a specimen chosen by a later researcher to serve as if it were the holotype. It is chosen from among the specimens available to the original publishing author (the isotypes, syntypes and/or paratypes) of a scientific name when the holotype was either lost or destroyed or when no holotype was designated.
So the correct option is A.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

......gives specific and scientific names to the organisms.

  1. Taxonomy

  2. Classification

  3. Systematics

  4. Genetics
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Taxonomy refers to a branch of science that deals primarily with the description, identification, nomenclature, and classification of organisms. For example, organisms are classified into clades in phylogenetic taxonomy.

So, the correct option is 'Taxonomy'.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Which class has been placed in between dicotyledons and monocotyledons by Bentham and Hooker?

  1. Leptosprongiatae

  2. Eusporangiatae

  3. Gymnospermae

  4. Hepaticopsida
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Bentham and Hooker divided Spermatophyta or seed-bearing plants into three classes namely- 

  • Dicotyledonae ( class I )
  • Gymnospermae ( class II )
  • Monocotyledonae ( class III ). 

It was a example of natural system of classification, In which the organisms are classified on the basis of their natural affinities (i.e. the basic similarities in the morphology).

So, the correct option is 'Gymnospermae'.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Number of series distinguished by Bentham and Hooker is subclass monochlamydeae is

  1. $3$
  2. $5$
  3. $7$
  4. $8$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The group monochlamydaea was one of three within the Dicotyledons, the others being Polypetalae and Gamopetalae. It included plants with flowers that had either a calyx or corolla, but not both. Though, it was later abandoned.

The number of series distinguished by Bentham and Hooker in subclass monochlamydeous were eight.
So, the correct option is '8'.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

A taxonomic species distinguished on the basis of morphological characters is

  1. Morphospecies

  2. Biospecies

  3. Linneon

  4. Neontological species
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  1. Morphospecies are groups of individuals that are morphologically similar and clearly distinguishable from individuals of other groups.
    2. A group of interbreeding individuals that are isolated reproductively from all other groups is called Biospecies.
    3. Linneon are the taxonomic species distinguished on the basis of morphological characters.
    4. Those species which are present in the living world are known as neontological species.
    So, the correct option is 'Linneon'.