Biology

Plant Biology and Classification

1,473 Questions

Plant Biology and Classification deals with the taxonomy, evolution, and morphological features of the plant kingdom. This collection offers practice questions on plant groups, taxonomic hierarchies, and specific plant characteristics. The questions are tailored for students preparing for biology competitive exams.

Plant taxonomyPteridophytesAngiospermsPlant morphologyAlgae and bryophytesClassification systems

Plant Biology and Classification Questions

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

In Bentham and Hooker's system classification, ranales are included under

  1. Calyciflorae

  2. Inferae

  3. Disciflorae

  4. Thalamiflorae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In the Bentham and Hooker classification they were characterized as having "stamens usually many, carpels free, endosperm conspicuous, embryo small". The Ranales were the first cohort of the Thalamiflorae according to this classification.

So, the correct option is ' Thalamiflorae'.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Bentham and Hooker proposed their system of classification in

  1. Genera Plantarum

  2. Species Plantarum

  3. Historia Plantarum

  4. Historia Naturae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Bentham and Hooker proposed their system of classification in the book Genera Plantarum. In this book, they gave the biggest and natural classification of seed plants. Their system of classification was based on the principle of natural affinities and is considered as pre-Darwinian as it does not take evolution into account.

So, the correct option is 'Genera Plantarum'.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

A 'type' is one particular specimen (or a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached. Match column I (type) with column II(description) and select the correct option from the codes given.

Column I Column II
A. Holotype  (i) A specimen cited with an original description other than the holotype or isotype
B. Isotype (ii) A duplicate of the holotype
C. Paratype (iii) A specimen designated in the original description
D. Lectotype (iv) A specimen selected from original material to serve as nomenclatural type when the holotype was not designated.

  1. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iv)

  2. A-(iii), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(iv)

  3. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(i)

  4. A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(ii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Holotype is a valuable original specimen that describes a new species. It is a term used to describe a specimen that is the first known of its kind anywhere in the world. A holotype can be any type of fossil, and it serves as the name-bearer of the species.
Isotype is an individual specimen that is similar enough genetically to the holotype to be considered to part of the same taxonomic group.
Paratype is a specimen cited in the protologue that is neither the holotype, isotype, nor one of the syntypes. These are often listed as representative specimens in the original description.
Lectotype is a specimen chosen by a later researcher to serve as if it were the holotype. It is chosen from among the specimens available to the original publishing author (the isotypes, syntypes and/or paratypes) of a scientific name when the holotype was either lost or destroyed or when no holotype was designated.
So the correct option is A.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

......gives specific and scientific names to the organisms.

  1. Taxonomy

  2. Classification

  3. Systematics

  4. Genetics
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Taxonomy refers to a branch of science that deals primarily with the description, identification, nomenclature, and classification of organisms. For example, organisms are classified into clades in phylogenetic taxonomy.

So, the correct option is 'Taxonomy'.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Which class has been placed in between dicotyledons and monocotyledons by Bentham and Hooker?

  1. Leptosprongiatae

  2. Eusporangiatae

  3. Gymnospermae

  4. Hepaticopsida
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Bentham and Hooker divided Spermatophyta or seed-bearing plants into three classes namely- 

  • Dicotyledonae ( class I )
  • Gymnospermae ( class II )
  • Monocotyledonae ( class III ). 

It was a example of natural system of classification, In which the organisms are classified on the basis of their natural affinities (i.e. the basic similarities in the morphology).

So, the correct option is 'Gymnospermae'.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

A taxonomic species distinguished on the basis of morphological characters is

  1. Morphospecies

  2. Biospecies

  3. Linneon

  4. Neontological species
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  1. Morphospecies are groups of individuals that are morphologically similar and clearly distinguishable from individuals of other groups.
    2. A group of interbreeding individuals that are isolated reproductively from all other groups is called Biospecies.
    3. Linneon are the taxonomic species distinguished on the basis of morphological characters.
    4. Those species which are present in the living world are known as neontological species.
    So, the correct option is 'Linneon'.
Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

In vedic times living organisms were classified into following classes.

  1. 2

  2. 3

  3. 4

  4. 5
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • In Vedic times, the; living organisms were divided into 3 classes. They are
  1. Born from the womb (Jivagi)
  2. Born from egg (Andaja)
  3. Born from sprouts (Udbhija)
  • Hence In Vedic times, living organisms were classified into 3 classes.
  • So, the correct answer is '3'
Multiple choice botany root - external morphology morphology of the root root system in plants root

Which of the following is found in algal zone of Cycas coralloid roots? 

  1. Blue green algae

  2. Red algae

  3. Diatoms

  4. Brown algae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A) Blue-green algae


The coralloid roots contain Symbiotic cyanobacteria (Blue-green) algae. These algae fix nitrogen to the plant. They are also in association with root tissues produce and produce various amino acids.
The coralloid roots develop intro cycas. They contain an algal zone in the center. The coralloid roots are in symbiotic relation with algae.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Phanerogamae having vascular tissue and reproductive tissue

  1. Thallophyta

  2. Bryophyta

  3. Phanerogamae

  4. All of above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Thallophyta and bryophyta are cryptogams. They do not have vascular tissue and reproductive tissue, they are non-vascular plants and they reproduce asexually by formation of spores. They are flowering plants and have vascular and reproductive tissue.

So, the correct answer is 'Phanerogamae'.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Angiosperms are classified into 

  1. Phanerogams and cryptogams

  2. Thallophytes and bryophytes

  3. Monocots and dicots

  4. Vertebrates and invertebrates
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Angiosperms are also called as flowering plants that are classified based on characteristics that include cotyledon structure, pollen grains, as well as flower and vascular tissue arrangement. Basal angiosperms, classified separately, contain features found in both monocots and dicots, as they are believed to have originated before the separation of these two main groups. Monocots contain a single cotyledon and have veins that run parallel to the length of their leaves; their flowers are arranged in three to six-fold symmetry. Dicots have flowers arranged in whorls, two cotyledons, and a vein arrangement that forms networks within their leaves. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Angiosperms are subdivided into two classes which are cotyledons and dicotyledons.

  1. True

  2. False

  3. Ambiguous

  4. Data insufficient
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Phanerogamae are the sub-kingdom of kingdom Plantae. They include seed bearing and flowering plants. They are further grouped into angiosperms and gymnosperms. Angiosperms are subdivided into two classes which are cotyledons and dicotyledons depending on the number of cotyledons in their embryo.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Centrospermae is regarded a natural order of angiosperms. All except two of its families contain the pigments that are collectively called battalions. Some of the families of the order are enumerated below. Which two families lack betalains?
a. Amaranthaceae
b. Aizoaceae
c. Chenopodiaceae
d. Caryophyllaceae
e. Mouginaceae
Select the correct answer using the codes given.

  1. $1$ and $2$
  2. $2$ and $3$
  3. $3$ and $4$
  4. $4$ and $5$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Which fossil group formed the basis of Anthostrobilus theory of origin of angiosperms?

  1. Caytaniales

  2. Cycadeoidales

  3. Czekanowskiales

  4. Pentoxylales
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Anthostrobilus theory, proposed by Arber and Parkin, suggests that angiosperms evolved from an extinct group of gymnosperms called Caytoniales (often spelled Caytoniales).

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

The plant 'Hibisus' belongs to division _____

  1. Bryophta

  2. Pteridophyta

  3. Gymnosperms

  4. Angiosperms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A.Bryophyta – chlorophyllous, aquatic, embryophytic, archegoniatic, plants in the plant kingdom. These are also called amphibian of the plant kingdom.

B.Pteridophyta – Chlorophyllous, terrestrial, embryophytic, tracheophytes in the plant kingdom. These are also called vascular cryptogams.

C.Gymnosperms – Naked seeded plants in the plant kingdom.

D.Angiosperms -  Fruit producing plants in the plant kingdom. These are highly advanced plants. Hibiscus is an angiosperm.

So, the correct option is ‘ Angiosperms’.

Multiple choice botany plant biology introduction to angiosperms phanerogams angiosperms

Consider the following statements:

(a) Plants are divided into five groups: Thallophytes, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and Angiosperms.
(b) Monera is divided into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
(c) $Penicillium$ and Yeast both belong to group fungi.

Which of the above statements are correct?

  1. (a) and (b)

  2. (b) and (c)

  3. (a), (b) and (c)

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The first level of classification among plants depends on whether the plant body is well-differentiated or not. The next level of classification is based on whether the differentiated body has special vascular tissues for the transport of water and other substances. Further classification is based on the ability to bear seeds and whether the seeds are naked or enclosed within fruits. 
Monera is a kingdom that contains unicellular organisms with no nuclear membrane, such as bacteria. It can be divided into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
A fungus is any member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. Penicillium and Yeast both belong to group fungi.