Biology

Plant Biology and Classification

1,473 Questions

Plant Biology and Classification deals with the taxonomy, evolution, and morphological features of the plant kingdom. This collection offers practice questions on plant groups, taxonomic hierarchies, and specific plant characteristics. The questions are tailored for students preparing for biology competitive exams.

Plant taxonomyPteridophytesAngiospermsPlant morphologyAlgae and bryophytesClassification systems

Plant Biology and Classification Questions

Multiple choice botany pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm and embryo fruits and seeds fruit and its type fertilization events

Endosperm is absent in

  1. Podostemonaceae

  2. Orchidaceae

  3. Trapaceae

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
During double fertilization, the fusion of one sperm with the egg cell forms the embryo and that of the other sperm with a polar nucleus gives rise to the endosperm. The families that lack an endosperm include Orchidaceae, Podostemaceae, and Trapaceae.

So, the correct answer is 'All the above'.
Multiple choice evs seeds and seeds plant adaptation and modification leaves leaf modification

Plants that grow in nitrogen deficient soils and swampy and boggy places are called 

  1. Epiphytic

  2. Insectivorous

  3. Saprophytic

  4. Parasitic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A.Epiphytic - Plants which grow on the branches of big trees for light and shelter. These plants are not connected to soil directly.
B.Insectivorous plants - Plants, trap, kill and digest insects are called insectivourous plants. They grow in nitrogen deficient soils. So, to get nitrogen the kill and digest the insects.
C.Saprophytic - Organisms, grow on the dead bodies to get food.
D.Parasitic - relationship between two species of plants or animals in which one benefits at the expense of the other, sometimes without killing the host organism.
So the correct option is 'insectivorous'.
Multiple choice biology seeds - structure and germination dicot seed monocot seed structure of monocot and dicot seed

Modern day (advanced) plants are

  1. Monocots

  2. Dicots

  3. Gnetales

  4. Ferns
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Plants are classified into two main groups: the bryophytes (nonvascular plants) and the tracheophytes (vascular plants). The tracheophytes include ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms, and are characterized by specialized vascular tissues- the phloem and xylem. The study of living species suggests that angiosperms evolved from the gnetophytes, a group of gymnosperms. however, the oldest known angiosperms were a diverse group of plants called magnoliids from which dicots and monocots are evolved. Monocots are more advanced plants than dicot.

Multiple choice botany classical genetics incomplete dominance deviation from mendelism inheritance

Complete dominance does not occur in

  1. Mirabilis jalapa

  2. Oenothera lamarckiana

  3. Lathyrus odoratus

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

As we know that trait is represented by two contrasting factors of a gene in a heterozygous individual; the allele/factor that can express itself in the heterozygous individual is called as the dominant trait. The other factor, whose effect is masked by the presence of dominant factor, is called recessive factor. In the case of complete dominance, the heterozygous individual shows dominant phenotype. Law of incomplete dominance tells that where none of the factors of a gene is dominant, the phenotype of the heterozygous dominant individual is the blend of dominant and recessive traits. For example, flower colour in Mirabilis jalapa and sweet peas (Lathyrus odoratus) shows incomplete dominance and the monohybrid cross between two pure varieties gives 1:2:1 phenotypic ratio in F$ _2$ generation which is 3:1 in dominant traits. Monohybrid cross in Oenothera lamarckiana does not give typical 3:1 ratio, hence does not follow complete dominance. Pisum sativum was the experimental plant of Mendel and show complete dominance. 

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Classification system given by Linnaeus was based on 

  1. Androecium structure

  2. Flower arrangements

  3. Leaf morphology

  4. Plant habit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Carolus Linnaeus is considered as the 'Father of Taxonomy'. He developed a way to name and organize species. 
  • Linnaeus’s artificial system of classification was based on the androecium structure. The significance of flower and fruit structures was first recognized by him. He emphasized the basic numerical characteristics of sexual parts i.e., stamens and carpels. Thus the Linnaeus system is also known as a sexual system.

So the answer is 'Androecium structure'. 
Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Oswald Tippo placed slime molds in

  1. Cyanophyta

  2. Chlorophyta

  3. Phaeophyta

  4. Myxomycophyta
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Oswald Tippo, University of Illiniois 1942, classified plant kingdom into two sub-kingdoms: Thallophyta (thalloid plant body without distinct alternation of generations) and Embryophyta (organ level differentiation of plant body with regular alternation of sporophyte and gametophyte generations). The sub-kingdom thallophyta was divided into 10 phyla: Cyanophyta (Blue green algae), Euglenophyta (Grass green algae), Chrysophyta (Yellow green algae), Chlorophyta (Green algae), Pyrrophyta (Golden brown algae), Phaeophyta (Brown algae), Rhodophyta (Red algae), Schizomycophyta (Bacteria), Myxomycophyta (Slime molds) and Eumycophyta (True fungi). Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

The scientific name of a species 'X' was given by scientist in 1960 as 'P' and another scientist gave another name to the species in 1990 as 'Q'. Which is considered as valid name?

  1. P.

  2. Q.

  3. Both P and Q.

  4. None of them.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

According to the principle of priority in the International Code of Nomenclature, the earliest validly published name for a taxon is the correct one. Since 'P' was published in 1960, it takes precedence over the name 'Q' published in 1990.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Linnaeus proposed an outline of plant classification in

  1. Genera Plantarum

  2. Species Plantarurn

  3. Systema Naturae

  4. Philosophia Botanica
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Linnaeus is described as the father of taxonomy due to his immense contribution in the field of nomenclature and taxonomy. He identified and classified 24 classes of flowering plants based on the number of stamens. He divided these classes into orders on the basis of carpel characteristics. This sexual, as well as artificial classification system, was first described in his book called as Systema Naturae. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Carolus Linnaeus classified plant kingdom on the basis of

  1. Floral morphology

  2. Overall morphology of plants

  3. Type of sexual reproduction

  4. Anatomical character
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Linnaeus is considered as 'father of taxonomy'. He identified 24 classes of flowering plants based on the number of stamens and their adnate or connate state. He divided these classes into orders on the basis of carpel characteristics. Thus, option A is the correct answer.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

System of classification proposed by Linnaeus was

  1. Artificial

  2. Natural

  3. Sexual

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Linnaeus is considered as the father of taxonomy. He classified the flowering plants based on the floral characters. The classification was based on the number of stamens and the basis of carpel characteristics. Since, his classification employed sexual characters, it is termed as sexual classification. The artificial system of classification is based on the observable characters such as habit, number, forms, the number of stamen which makes the classification system proposed by Linnaeus as an artificial system.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Number of plants described by Linnaeus is

  1. 15000

  2. 13291

  3. 5900

  4. 2781
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Carl Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist, and zoologist laid the foundations for the modern biological naming scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology.
The establishment of universally accepted conventions for the naming of organisms was Linnaeus' main contribution to taxonomy—the starting point of consistent use of binomial nomenclature in his books like Systema Natura, Species Plantarum, Genera Plantarum in which he described 5900 plants in total.
So, the correct option is '5900'.
Multiple choice zoology why classification? history of classification of organisms introduction to classification of living organisms living world and classification

Consider the following statements with reference to criterion/criteria used in the classification of plants in the engler and Prantl's system.
a. The families were arranged according to the increasing complexity of flower and fruit.
b. In flowering plants absence of perianth was considered as a primitive character
c. Monocots were considered to be more primitive than dicots
d. Unisexual flowers were derived from bisexual flowers.
Which of the statements given are correct?

  1. $1$ and $2$
  2. $1$ and $4$
  3. $1, 2$ and $3$
  4. $2, 3$ and $4$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  1. In the rules of nomenclature, families are arranged according to the arrangement of the complexity of flower (position of the gynoecium, the arrangement of anthers etc) and fruit (originated from ovary, or from thalamus ).
  2. Perianth means the fusion of calyx and corolla (lily) but similar structure also found in mosses and liverworts (bryophytes) and as these are the primitive plant it is supposed that perianth is a primitive character.
  3. Monocots were considered more advanced than dicots in the way of photosynthesis they have more advance system and are called C$ _4$ plants and their vascular bundles, the arrangement of leaves etc are much different and evolved the dicots.
  4. Plants adopted unisexuality and evolved from bisexuality to prevent genetic depression it is one of the most common methods of prevention of Autogamy and geitonogamy.
So the correct option is "1 and 2".