Geography · Environmental Studies

Oceanography and Hydrology

1,673 Questions

Find relevant questions on oceanography and hydrology that address aquatic ecosystems and physical geography. The topics include coastal landforms, coral reefs, ocean salinity, and tidal patterns. These concepts frequently appear in civil services and state level administrative examinations.

Coral reef structuresCoastal landformsOcean salinity patternsGlacial retreat impactsMangrove ecosystems

Oceanography and Hydrology Questions

Multiple choice physics gravitation tides movements of ocean and sea water circulation of ocean water

What are known as tides?

  1. Alternating rise and fall in sea level with respect to land

  2. Alternating rise in sea level with respect to land

  3. Alternating fall in sea level with respect to land

  4. None
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Rise and fall of the surface of the Earth's water body due to the gravitation pull of the Moon and the Sun on the Earth is tides.

Multiple choice physics gravitation tides movements of ocean and sea water circulation of ocean water

The tidal waves in the seas are primarly due to

  1. the gravitational effect of the Sun on the Earth.

  2. the gravitational effect of the Moon on the Earth.

  3. the rotation of the Earth.

  4. the atmospheric effect of the Earth on itself.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Although tides are caused due to all the above reasons, the main reason behind it is the gravitational effect of the Moon on the Earth. Moon is closed in a bound state with Earth, and due to this the effect of its gravitation is more on Earth than that of Moon on Earth.

Multiple choice geography temperature process of heat transfer in the atmosphere temperature and insolation sun: the ultimate source

Ocean current is a powerful factor for affecting distribution of ____________.

  1. temperature

  2. pressure

  3. heat

  4. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Ocean current is a powerful factor for affecting the distribution of temperature. The effect of ocean current upon the temperature of adjacent land areas are variable, depending on the direction of prevailing wind. The warm ocean currents help to raise the temperature of the adjoining regions.  On the other hand, cold ocean currents lower down the temperature of the adjoining region.

Multiple choice geography the properties of sea water properties of sea water oceanic salinity and oceanic temperature oceans : temperature, salinity and density circulation of ocean water

Sea mounts with flat-topped profiles are called ________.

  1. Atolls

  2. Guyot

  3. Ridge

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In marine geology, a guyot , also known as a tablemount, is an isolated underwater volcanic mountain (seamount) with a flat top more than 200 m (660 ft) below the surface of the sea. The diameters of these flat summits can exceed 10 km (6.2 mi).

Multiple choice geography the properties of sea water properties of sea water oceanic salinity and oceanic temperature oceans : temperature, salinity and density circulation of ocean water

We generally measure the depth of the Sea in _____________.

  1. Feet

  2. Fathoms

  3. Metres

  4. Nautical miles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Fathoms
Water depths are measured by soundings usually acquired by hydrographic surveys. The depths may be in either feet or fathoms (the chart will indicate which). A fathom is a nautical unit of measurement and is equal to six feet. Sonar devices are used to measure the depth of the sea.
Multiple choice geography the properties of sea water properties of sea water oceanic salinity and oceanic temperature oceans : temperature, salinity and density circulation of ocean water

Over millions of years of rain, rivers and streams have washed over rocks containing the compound _____ and carried it into the seas and oceans.

  1. Sodium Chloride

  2. Hydrogen chloride

  3. Sodium Hydroxide

  4. Sodium Bicorbonate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Over millions of years of rain, rivers and streams have washed over rocks containing the compound Sodium Chloride and carried it into the seas and oceans.

The oceans get saltier due to the rivers that flow into them. Water from the ocean evaporates, and then rains over land and forms rivers. As the rivers flow over the land, things like salt dissolve into the river and are carried out to the sea.

Multiple choice geography the properties of sea water properties of sea water oceanic salinity and oceanic temperature oceans : temperature, salinity and density circulation of ocean water

Which term is used to define the total content of dissolved salts in sea water?

  1. Saltness

  2. Salinity

  3. Salty

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Salinity is the saltiness or dissolved salt content in a body of water. Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within it, and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics like the density and heat capacity of the water.

Multiple choice geography the properties of sea water properties of sea water oceanic salinity and oceanic temperature oceans : temperature, salinity and density circulation of ocean water

Relief features that are found in the oceans include ______.

  1. Submarine ridges

  2. Plateaus

  3. Canyons

  4. Terraces

  5. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

The Oceanic relief features are in the form of mountains, basins, plateaus, ridges, canyons and trenches beneath the ocean water. These forms are called Submarine Relief.

Multiple choice geography the properties of sea water properties of sea water oceanic salinity and oceanic temperature oceans : temperature, salinity and density circulation of ocean water

Factors affecting salinity in surface layers of ocean include _____.

  1. Evaporation and precipitation

  2. Winds by transferring water to other areas

  3. The ocean currents

  4. Fresh water flows from rivers and freezing and thawing of ice

  5. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Factors affecting salinity in surface layers of ocean include:

  1. The salinity of water in the surface layer of oceans depends mainly on evaporation and precipitation.
  2. Surface salinity is greatly influenced in coastal regions by the fresh water flow from rivers, and in polar regions by the processes of freezing and thawing of ice.
  3. Wind, also influences salinity of an area by transferring water to other areas.
  4. The ocean currents contribute to the salinity variations.
  5. Salinity, temperature and density of water are interrelated. Hence, any change in the temperature or density influences the salinity of an area.

Multiple choice geography the properties of sea water properties of sea water oceanic salinity and oceanic temperature oceans : temperature, salinity and density circulation of ocean water

Oceans provided abundant ______ resources like fish and salt.

  1. agricultural

  2. food

  3. flora and fauna

  4. minerals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Oceans provided abundant food resources like fish and salt.

The ocean is an important source of food and other resources. Since well before recorded history, humans have used the sea as a source of food. While only 5% of the protein consumed by world populations comes from the sea, it is still an important contribution to the diet of millions of the world's inhabitants.

Multiple choice geography the properties of sea water properties of sea water oceanic salinity and oceanic temperature oceans : temperature, salinity and density circulation of ocean water

Which of the following effects the temperature of sea water?

  1. Cyclones

  2. Rainfall

  3. Salinity

  4. All of above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Temperate is one of the major property of seawater. It always varies from region to region. The surface temperature of the sea water decreases from the equatorial area towards the poles. Some factors which effects the temperature of sea water are:-

  • Cyclone
  • Rainfall
  • Salinity
  • ocean currents
  • pollution

Multiple choice geography the properties of sea water properties of sea water oceanic salinity and oceanic temperature oceans : temperature, salinity and density circulation of ocean water

What are the causes of ocean currents?

  1. Density difference in water

  2. Effect of winds

  3. Temperature and salinity variation

  4. Gravity

  5. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

The movement of ocean waters or ocean currents takes place due to the effect of earth's rotation, wind difference, salinity and density of seawater, etc. The current in the ocean is originated due to the combined effect of all these factors acting internally as well as externally.