Oceanography and Hydrology

Tsunami waves are characterized by extremely long wavelengths, often hundreds of kilometers, which allows them to carry massive amounts of energy across the ocean.

Tsunamis are defined by their long wavelengths and, upon reaching shallow water, their significantly larger amplitudes compared to typical ocean waves.

• A tsunami or tidal wave, also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake.
• Mangroves are forests of salt-tolerant trees and shrubs that grow in the shallow tidal waters of estuaries and coastal areas in tropical regions. Mangroves protect shorelines from damaging storm and hurricane winds and tsunami.
• A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Coral reefs provide protection to our coasts from the tsunami, storms, and floods.
  
• Hence Coral Reefs and Mangroves can act as natural barriers to control Tsunami.
• So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.

70.8% part of the earth's surface is full of water. The distribution of this water is very uneven. At some places, the water storage is limited while it is ample at other place.

The water cycle describes how water evaporates from the surface of the earth, rises into the atmosphere, cools and condenses into rain or snow in clouds, and falls again to the surface as precipitation.

The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 2,300 kilometres (1,400 mi) over an area of approximately 344,400 square kilometres (133,000 sq mi). The reef is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland, Australia.

Only 2.5% of water is freshwater and less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in river, lakes, and the atmosphere, and an even smaller amount of the Earth's freshwater(0.003) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products.

The Indian River Lagoon system in Florida is indeed composed of the Mosquito Lagoon, the Banana River, and the Indian River.

The Labrador Current is a cold ocean current in the North Atlantic Ocean that flows from the Arctic Ocean south along the coast of Labrador.

The Gulf Stream is a powerful, warm Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows along the eastern coast of North America.

The process by which water continually changes its form and circulates between oceans, atmosphere and land is known as water cycle. In the water cycle, water from oceans, lakes, swamps, rivers, plants can turn into water vapour. Water vapour condenses into millions of tiny droplets that form clouds. Clouds lose their water as rain or snow, which is called precipitation. Precipitation is either absorbed into the ground or runs off into rivers. Plants take up the water that was absorbed into the ground. Plants lose water from their surfaces as vapour that goes back into the atmosphere. Water that runs off into rivers flows into ponds, lakes, or oceans where it evaporates back into the atmosphere. This cycle continues.

Islands are not in good number at the sea coast of Africa.

Evaporation is the method to separated dissolved solid impurites in the liquid so if we evaporate sea water evaparates and common salt is left behind.

The Internal Drainage Basin is described by rivers/streams draining into a group of inland water bodies (lakes) that are located around the north-central part of the country. The system, mainly of troughs and faults runs southward from lake Natron at the border with Kenya to central Tanzania in the Bahi depression and varies in width from 30-90 km.