Biology

Nervous System and Neurons

1,224 Questions

The nervous system and neurons section covers the structural and functional aspects of the human nervous system. Topics include nerve fibers, the myelin sheath, and sympathetic nervous system functions. This material is crucial for general science preparation in various competitive exams.

Neuron structureMyelin sheath productionSympathetic nervous systemCranial and spinal nervesParasympathetic functions

Nervous System and Neurons Questions

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Which of the following functions is influenced by autonomic nervous system?

  1. Heart rate

  2. Digestion

  3. Urination

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions such as the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal. Hence, Heart rate, Digestion and Urination functions are influenced by the autonomic nervous system. 
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Autonomic nervous system controls

  1. Voluntary activities

  2. Involuntary activites

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • The Peripheral Nervous System is divided into two systems: the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary actions such as breathing and digestion, and the somatic nervous system, which governs voluntary action and body reflexes.
  •  The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions such as the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal. Hence, Autonomic nervous system controls Involuntary activities.
 So, the correct answer is 'Involuntary activities'.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Which of the following is activated in stress condition?

  1. Sympathetic

  2. Parasympathetic

  3. Somatic

  4. Whole ANS
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Sympathetic nervous system is activated in stress condition.
The stress response begins in the brain. When someone confronts a danger, the eyes or ears (or both) send the information to the amygdala, an area of the brain that contributes to emotional processing. The amygdala interprets the images and sounds. When it perceives danger, it instantly sends a distress signal to the hypothalamus.
When someone experiences a stressful event, the amygdala, an area of the brain that contributes to emotional processing, sends a distress signal to the hypothalamus. This area of the brain functions like a command center, communicating with the rest of the body through the nervous system so that the person has the energy to fight or flee.
The hypothalamus is a command center. This area of the brain communicates with the rest of the body through the autonomic nervous system, which controls such involuntary body functions as breathing, blood pressure, heartbeat, and the dilation or constriction of key blood vessels and small airways in the lungs called bronchioles. The autonomic nervous system has two components, the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system functions like a gas pedal in a car. It triggers the fight-or-flight response, providing the body with a burst of energy so that it can respond to perceived dangers. The parasympathetic nervous system acts like a brake. It promotes the "rest and digest" response that calms the body down after the danger has passed.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Sympathetic nerves in mammals develop from

  1. Sacral region

  2. Cervical region

  3. Thoracico-lumbar region

  4. 3rd, 7th, 9th and 10th cranial nerves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Sympathetic nerves emerge from the central nervous system specifically from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord, which is why it is called the thoracico-lumbar system.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Extension of sympathetic nervous system is 

  1. Adrenal medulla

  2. Adrenal cortex

  3. Pineal

  4. Neurohypophysis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Sympathetic nervous system is a division of autonomous nervous system (ANS). ANS has two parts, sympathetic and parasympathetic, both of which are antagonistic to each other in effects. Sympathetic nervous system produces effects on body in response to epinephrine or adrenaline hormone secreted from adrenal medulla. Adrenaline is known as emergency hormone and induces fight or flight response in body whenever homeostasis of body is disturbed.
So, the correct answer is 'Adrenal medulla'.
Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Neurons m the autonomic nervous system include

  1. two motor neurons and one ganglion

  2. one motor neuron and two ganglia

  3. two motor neurons and no ganglia

  4. two motor neurons and two ganglia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Motor neurons of the autonomic nervous system are found in autonomic ganglia. The activity of autonomic ganglionic neurons is modulated by preganglionic neurons located in the central nervous system.

So, the correct option is 'two motor neurons and one ganglion'.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Overall nerves slow down the body and divert energy to digestion and other basic housekeeping tasks; and nerves slow down housekeeping tasks and increase overall activity, in times of heightened awareness or excitement.

  1. Autonomic; Somatic

  2. Sympathetic; Parasympathetic

  3. Parasympathetic; Sympathetic

  4. Peripheral; Central
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The parasympathetic nervous system decreases respiration and heart rate and increases digestion. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous systems results in the construction of pupils. Decrease heart rate and blood pressure. And reverse goes for sympathetic.

So, the correct option is 'Parasympathetic, sympathetic'.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves, to bring about minor adjustments in internal organ activity

  1. service entirely different internal organs

  2. work antagonistically, most often

  3. come into play only during a fight-flight response

  4. none of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The parasympathetic nervous system decreases respiration and heart rate and increases digestion. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous systems results in the construction of pupils. Decrease heart rate and blood pressure.

So, the correct option is 'Work antagonistically, most often'.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system develops from region

  1. Thoracolumbar

  2. Craniosacral

  3. Cervical

  4. Lumbar
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The parasympathetic nervous system differs from the sympathetic nervous system in origin because the parasympathetic nervous system develops both in the brain and spinal cord while the sympathetic nervous system only develops in the spinal cord. The parasympathetic nervous system originates from the sacral region of the spinal cord and cranial nerves of III, VII, IX, and X. So, the development region is called craniosacral.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Craniosacral'.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

The autonomic ganglion, which houses the synapse for the Parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, is the 

  1. prevertebral ganglion

  2. terminal ganglion

  3. sympathetic trunk ganglion

  4. parasympathetic trunk ganglion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Motor neurons of the autonomic nervous system are found in autonomic ganglia. The activity of autonomic ganglionic neurons is modulated by preganglionic neurons located in the central nervous system.

So, the correct option is 'terminal ganglion'.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Autonomic nervous system controls

  1. Reflex action

  2. Sense organs

  3. Internal organs

  4. Skeletal muscle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The autonomic nervous system controls internal organs. It is responsible for the maintenance and regulation of internal environment by controlling automatic activities of the internal body organs. It regulates the functions of those organs which are not under the control of will (involuntary functions) such as circulatory, respiratory systems, involuntary muscles and visceral organs. So, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

The autonomic system has two divisions called

  1. CNS and PNS

  2. somatic and skeletal systems

  3. efferent and afferent systems

  4. sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The autonomic nervous system is associated with involuntary responses. The autonomic nervous system regulates many of the internal organs through a balance of two aspects, or divisions. In addition to the endocrine system, the autonomic nervous system is instrumental in homeostatic mechanisms in the body. The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division. The sympathetic system is associated with the fight-or-flight response, and parasympathetic activity is referred to by the epithet of rest and digest. Homeostasis is the balance between the two systems.

So, the correct answer is 'sympathetic and parasympathetic systems'.