Biology

Nervous System and Neurons

1,224 Questions

The nervous system and neurons section covers the structural and functional aspects of the human nervous system. Topics include nerve fibers, the myelin sheath, and sympathetic nervous system functions. This material is crucial for general science preparation in various competitive exams.

Neuron structureMyelin sheath productionSympathetic nervous systemCranial and spinal nervesParasympathetic functions

Nervous System and Neurons Questions

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

How many pairs of sympathetic ganglia are present in ANS?

  1. 10

  2. 12

  3. 22

  4. 31.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Sympathetic ganglia are the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. It's function is to deliver information to the body about stress and when the body is in danger, and are responsible for the fight-or-flight response. There are usually 21-23 pairs of these ganglia are present that is, 3 in the cervical region, 11 in the thoracic region, 4 in the lumbar region and 4-5 in the sacral region. So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

An example of autonomous nervous system is

  1. Swallowing food

  2. Pillary reflex

  3. Peristalsis of intestine

  4. Knee-jerk response
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The autonomic nervous system controls the coordinated and involuntary movements of the body. The peristalsis of the intestine is an involuntary visceral movement which is controlled by the autonomic nervous system. 

A. Swallowing of food initially is controlled by the somatic nervous system.
B. Pupillary reflex is an unconditioned reflex.
C. Peristalsis of the intestine is controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
D. The knee-jerk response is a monosynaptic reflex action.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Peristalsis of intestine'.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system:

  1. arises from the cranial and sacral spinal cord segments

  2. is concerned with conserving and restoring energy H

  3. has ganglia near or within visceral effectors

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The parasympathetic division of autonomic nervous system. The nerve fibres of this system arise from the brain, the cranial nerves and the sacrum of the spinal cord, the sacral nerves

The parasympathetic system is also called the rest and digest system as it stimulates digestion and assimilation
The efferent nerves of the parasympathetic nervous system form ganglia close to the visceral organs or the nerves are innervated in the visceral organs, resulting in the nerve fibers closer to the effector organs to be very short in length
So, the correct option is 'all of the above'

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Which of the following options correctly identifies the effect of sympathetic and parasympathetic neural system on given features or organs?

  1. Feature/organ - Salivary glandsSympathetic neural system - Stimulates secretionParasympathetic neural system - Inhibits secretion

  2. Feature/organ - Pupil of the eyeSympathetic neural system - DilatesParasympathetic neural system - Constricts

  3. Feature/organ - Heart rateSympathetic neural system - DecreasesParasympathetic neural system - Increases

  4. Feature/organ - Intestinal PeristalsisSympathetic neural system - StimulatesParasympathetic neural system - Inhibits
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The correct matches are;

1. Feature/organ - Salivary glands
Sympathetic neural system - Inhibits secretion
Parasympathetic neural system - Stimulates secretion

2. Feature/organ - Pupil of the eye
Sympathetic neural system - Dilates
Parasympathetic neural system - Constricts

3. Feature/organ - Heart rate
Sympathetic neural system - Increases
Parasympathetic neural system - Decreases

4. Feature/organ - Intestinal Peristalsis
Sympathetic neural system - Inhibits
Parasympathetic neural system - Stimulates

So the correct option is 'B'.
Multiple choice biology control and co-ordination in plants and animals nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Structure and functional unit of nervous system is

  1. Nephron

  2. Cyton

  3. Neuron

  4. Axon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Neurons are the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. Each neuron consists of dendrites, axon, and soma. Dendrites are the small extension of nerve cells that receive signals from sensory receptors or other neurons. The long extension of the cell body of the nerve cell is called as axon that serves to conduct the nerve impulse away from the cell body. Cyton /soma is the metabolic center of the nerve cell where the metabolic contents are manufactured. It is not involved in nerve impulse conduction. A nephron is the anatomical and functional unit of kidney and thus is the part of the excretory system. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology structure and functions of living organisms -ii nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron role of receptors in the mouth types of teeth circulatory system and organs

The nervous system is formed of 

  1. Brain

  2. Spinal cord

  3. Nerves

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The nervous system is a collection of cells, tissues, and organs ( brain, spinal cord, nerves ) through which an organism receives information from its surroundings and then directs the organism to respond to the stimulus.

So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice biology sensations and responses nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Which of the following is the part of a neuron?

  1. Axon

  2. Cell body

  3. Dendrite

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The primary components of the neuron are the soma (cell body), the axon (a long slender projection that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body), dendrites (tree-like structures that receive messages from other neurons), and synapses (specialized junctions between neurons).

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

The bulbous structure present at the terminal end of an axon is_______________

  1. Synaptic vesicle

  2. Synaptic knob

  3. Dendrites

  4. Schwann cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A. Synaptic vesicle store various neurotransmitters that are released at the synapse.

B. Synaptic knob-The bulbous structure present at the terminal end of an axon.

c. Dendrites-also dendrons, are branched protoplasmic extensions of a nerve cell that propagate the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project.

D. Schwann cell -also called neurilemma cell, any of the cells in the peripheral nervous system that produce the myelin sheath around neuronal axons.

So, the correct option is 'Synaptic Knob'.

Multiple choice biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Name the part of the neuron, where information is acquired.

  1. Axon

  2. Dendrites

  3. Synapse

  4. Schwann cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Neuron is a structural and functional unit of neural system. It is composed of three major parts- cell body, dendrites and axon.
A. Axon is a long fibre which arises from the cell body and terminates as a bulb-like structure called the synaptic knob which participate in synapse. Hence, the axons take away the information from the cell body of the neuron to which they belong.
B. Dendrites are the short fibers which arise out from the cell body. The dendrites of one neuron receive the electrical impulses from different sources and then transmit these impulses towards the cell body of the neuron to which they belong. Hence, the information is acquired here.
C. Synapse is the nerve impulse which is transmitted from one neuron to another through the junctions. It is formed by the membranes of the pre-synaptic neuron and a post-synaptic neuron.
D. Schwann cells are enclosed in myelin sheath and are lipid rich cells.
So, the correct option is 'Dendrites'.
Multiple choice biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Name the part of neuron through which information travels as an electrical impulses.

  1. Dendrites

  2. Axon

  3. Schwann cells

  4. Sypase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
An axon is a long, slender projection of a neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body in form of a wave of depolarization. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands.
So, the correct option is 'Axon'.
Multiple choice biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Neurilemma is name for :

  1. Plasmamembrane of axon

  2. Coating formed by myelin sheath

  3. Covering of schwann cells

  4. Connective tissue covering of nerve fasciculus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Neurilemma is the outermost covering of Schwann cells that surrounds the axon of the neuron. It is also known as neurolemma.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Covering formed by Schwann cells.'

Multiple choice biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Which one of the following pairs of structures distinguishes a nerve cell from other cell types?

  1. Vacuoles and fibres

  2. Flagellum and medullary sheath

  3. Nucleus and mitochondria

  4. Perikaryon and dendrites
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The vacuole is membrane bound organelle present in all plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal and bacterial cells. The flagellum is an appendage, that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and some eukaryotic cells. Nucleus and mitochondria are membrane bound organelles present in almost all cells. Perikaryon, also called cyton is the bulbous end of a neuron containing cell nucleus. Dendrites are the short cytoplasmic processes of the cell body of the neuron, which receives stimulus from other neurons. 
So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

In peripheral nervous system, the nerves are made up exclusively from the

  1. Dendrons

  2. Axons

  3. Nodes of Ranvier

  4. Nissl body
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Nerves are made up of bundles of the axons of nerve cells. A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons (long, slender projections of neurons) in the peripheral nervous system.

Multiple choice biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

'Nodes of Ranvier' are found in 

  1. Brain

  2. Heart

  3. Axon

  4. Eye
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Nodes of Ranvier are periodic gaps in the insulating sheath (myelin) on the axon of certain neurons, that serves to facilitate the rapid conduction of nerve impulses. 

The action potential propagated by one node of Ranvier jumps to and is regenerated at the next node along the axon, thereby enabling the action potential to travel rapidly along the fiber.

Multiple choice biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

The function of an axon is 

  1. Transformation of nerve impulse

  2. Reception of stimuli from neurons

  3. Reception of external stimuli

  4. Conduction of nerve impulse
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

An axon is also known as a nerve fiber. It is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands.