Biology

Nervous System and Neurons

1,164 Questions

The nervous system and neurons section covers the structural and functional aspects of the human nervous system. Topics include nerve fibers, the myelin sheath, and sympathetic nervous system functions. This material is crucial for general science preparation in various competitive exams.

Neuron structureMyelin sheath productionSympathetic nervous systemCranial and spinal nervesParasympathetic functions

Nervous System and Neurons Questions

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Overall nerves slow down the body and divert energy to digestion and other basic housekeeping tasks; and nerves slow down housekeeping tasks and increase overall activity, in times of heightened awareness or excitement.

  1. Autonomic; Somatic

  2. Sympathetic; Parasympathetic

  3. Parasympathetic; Sympathetic

  4. Peripheral; Central
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The parasympathetic nervous system decreases respiration and heart rate and increases digestion. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous systems results in the construction of pupils. Decrease heart rate and blood pressure. And reverse goes for sympathetic.

So, the correct option is 'Parasympathetic, sympathetic'.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves, to bring about minor adjustments in internal organ activity

  1. service entirely different internal organs

  2. work antagonistically, most often

  3. come into play only during a fight-flight response

  4. none of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The parasympathetic nervous system decreases respiration and heart rate and increases digestion. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous systems results in the construction of pupils. Decrease heart rate and blood pressure.

So, the correct option is 'Work antagonistically, most often'.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system develops from region

  1. Thoracolumbar

  2. Craniosacral

  3. Cervical

  4. Lumbar
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The parasympathetic nervous system differs from the sympathetic nervous system in origin because the parasympathetic nervous system develops both in the brain and spinal cord while the sympathetic nervous system only develops in the spinal cord. The parasympathetic nervous system originates from the sacral region of the spinal cord and cranial nerves of III, VII, IX, and X. So, the development region is called craniosacral.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Craniosacral'.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

The autonomic ganglion, which houses the synapse for the Parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, is the 

  1. prevertebral ganglion

  2. terminal ganglion

  3. sympathetic trunk ganglion

  4. parasympathetic trunk ganglion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Motor neurons of the autonomic nervous system are found in autonomic ganglia. The activity of autonomic ganglionic neurons is modulated by preganglionic neurons located in the central nervous system.

So, the correct option is 'terminal ganglion'.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Autonomic nervous system controls

  1. Reflex action

  2. Sense organs

  3. Internal organs

  4. Skeletal muscle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The autonomic nervous system controls internal organs. It is responsible for the maintenance and regulation of internal environment by controlling automatic activities of the internal body organs. It regulates the functions of those organs which are not under the control of will (involuntary functions) such as circulatory, respiratory systems, involuntary muscles and visceral organs. So, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

The autonomic system has two divisions called

  1. CNS and PNS

  2. somatic and skeletal systems

  3. efferent and afferent systems

  4. sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The autonomic nervous system is associated with involuntary responses. The autonomic nervous system regulates many of the internal organs through a balance of two aspects, or divisions. In addition to the endocrine system, the autonomic nervous system is instrumental in homeostatic mechanisms in the body. The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division. The sympathetic system is associated with the fight-or-flight response, and parasympathetic activity is referred to by the epithet of rest and digest. Homeostasis is the balance between the two systems.

So, the correct answer is 'sympathetic and parasympathetic systems'.
Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are often synergistic in their functions.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • The autonomic nervous system is divided into two subdivisions. They are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
  • The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) controls the body's responses to a perceived threat and is responsible for the "fight or flight" response while The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) controls homeostasis and the body at rest and is responsible for the body's "rest and digest" function.
  • Hence Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are often antagonistic(opposing) in their functions.
  • So, the given statement is false.
Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

The autonomous nervous system is completely independent of the central nervous system.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • The nervous system is divided into two major subdivisions. They are the Central nervous system(brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system.
  • The peripheral nervous system is in turn divided into two divisions. They are a somatic and autonomic nervous system.
  • The main function of the PNS is to connect the CNS to the limbs and organs, essentially serving as a relay between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body.
  • The autonomous nervous system is completely independent of the central nervous system is a false statement because, within the brain, the autonomic nervous system is regulated by the hypothalamus(part of CNS).

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Consider the following statements and state true or false.
1. Synaptic cleft of neurons secrete adrenaline.
2. Myelinated nerve fibres and enveloped with Schwann cells, which form a myelin sheath around the axon.
3. Non-myelinated nerve fibre is enclosed by a Schwann cell that does not form a myelin sheath.
4. Spinal cord and cranial nerves are made up of non-myelinated nerve fibres.

  1. 1, 2 are correct but 3 and 4 are wrong.

  2. 1, 2 and 3 are correct but 4 is wrong.

  3. 3 and 4 are correct while 2 and 3 are wrong.

  4. 1 and 4 are correct while 2 and 3 are wrong.

  5. 2 and 3 are correct while 1 and 4 are wrong.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Myelin sheath is the insulating envelope of myelin, that surrounds the core of a nerve fiber or axon and that facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses, formed from the cell membrane of the Schwann cell in the peripheral nervous system and from oligodendroglia cells. Nonmyelinated nerve fiber lacks the fatty myelin insulating sheath. Such fibers form the gray matter of the nervous system, as distinguished from the white matter of myelinated fibers. 

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Parasympathetic system causes

  1. Inhibition of sweat glands

  2. Constriction of pupil in bright light

  3. Increase in rate of respiration

  4. Increase in heart beat
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The pupillary light reflex is a reflex that controls the diameter of the pupil, in response to the intensity of light that falls on the retina of the pupil and the eye. Parasympathetic nerve fibres from the third (oculomotor) cranial nerve innervate the muscle that causes constriction of the pupil, whereas sympathetic nerve fibres control dilation. 

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Which of the following two systems are opposite in action to each other?

  1. Nervous - Sensory

  2. Nervous - Endocrine

  3. Sensory - Endocrine

  4. Parasympathetic - Sympathetic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions function in opposition to each other. 

This opposition is better termed complementary in nature rather than antagonistic. The sympathetic division functions in actions requiring quick responses. The parasympathetic division functions with actions that do not require immediate reaction. The sympathetic system is often considered the "fight or flight" system, while the parasympathetic system is often considered the "rest and digest" or "feed and breed" system.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Conservation of energy take place by 

  1. Sympathetic autonomic nervous system

  2. Parasympathetic autonomic nervous system

  3. Reflex action

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Parasympathetic autonomic nervous system (PNS) responses are highly specific, as supported by the direct innervation of target organs. The PNS is inhibitory, and promotes energy conservation. The primary defense strategies supported by the PNS involve energy conservation. PNS activation promotes passive coping strategies, such as withdrawal or disengagement, dissociation and the immobility response. Examples of passive coping styles include physical or emotional withdrawal.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Autonomic nervous system controls

  1. Conditioned reflexes

  2. Functioning of spinal cord

  3. Functioning of visceral organs

  4. Reflex actions
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system, that supplies the internal organs, like blood vessels, stomach, intestine, liver, kidneys, bladder, genitals, lungs, pupils, heart, and sweat, salivary, and digestive glands. 

This system works automatically (autonomously), without a person's conscious effort. The autonomic nervous system controls blood pressure, heart and breathing rates, body temperature, digestion, metabolism (thus affecting body weight), the balance of water and electrolytes (such as sodium and calcium), the production of body fluids (saliva, sweat, and tears), urination, defecation, sexual response, and other processes.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Given below is a table comparing the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system for four features. which one feature is correctly matched?


Feature Sympathetic Parasympathetic
1. Salivary gland stimulates   inhibits
2. Pupil of the eye dilates  constricts
3. Heart rate decreases increases
4. Intestinal peristalsis stimulates inhibits

  1. 1

  2. 2

  3. 3

  4. 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Parasympathetic innervation leads to pupillary constriction. A circular muscle called as the sphincter pupillae accomplishes this task. Sympathetic innervation leads to pupillary dilation. Dilation is controlled by the dilator pupillae, a group of muscles in the peripheral 2/3 of the iris.