Biology

Nervous System and Neurons

1,224 Questions

The nervous system and neurons section covers the structural and functional aspects of the human nervous system. Topics include nerve fibers, the myelin sheath, and sympathetic nervous system functions. This material is crucial for general science preparation in various competitive exams.

Neuron structureMyelin sheath productionSympathetic nervous systemCranial and spinal nervesParasympathetic functions

Nervous System and Neurons Questions

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Which one of the following is not an effect of sympathetic nervous system? 

  1. Dilation of pupil

  2. Inhibition of peristalsis

  3. Elevation of blood pressure

  4. Stimulation for saliva secretion during digestion or eating
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The sympathetic nervous system is involved in the stimulation of activities that prepare the body for action, such as increasing the heart rate, increasing the release of sugar from the liver into the blood, and other generally considered as fight-or-flight responses (responses that serve to fight off or retreat from danger). 

The parasympathetic nervous system activates tranquil functions, such as stimulating the secretion of saliva or digestive enzymes into the stomach.

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Sympathetic fibres are generally stimulatory except that they

  1. Inhibit the contraction of urinary bladder

  2. Inhibit peristalsis

  3. Inhibit the secretion of saliva

  4. Inhibit the rate of heart beat

  5. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

The autonomic nervous system is made up of sympathetic nervous system and para-sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system made up of sympathetic fibers is responsible for the body's flight or fight response The sympathetic nerves or fibers increases heart rate and helps enhancing the blood flow, while inhibiting digestion and peristalsis.

So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibres arise from ................. spinal segments.

  1. Thoracic and lumbar

  2. Thoracic and sacral

  3. Brain and lumbar

  4. Brain and sacral

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Parasympathetic nerve fibres arise from the central nervous system with the $S _2$, $S _3$, and $S _4$ spinal nerves and from the third, seventh, ninth, and tenth cranial nerves. Because of its location, the parasympathetic system is commonly referred to as having craniosacral outflow.

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Vagus nerve is composed mainly of parasympathetic fibres. The preganlionic fibres form a net work in the walls of the organs. This network is known as

  1. Choroid plexus

  2. Nervous plexus

  3. Auerbach plexus

  4. Brachial plexus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Auerbach plexus is the interwoven network of the vagus nerve in the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscles of the muscularis layer of the visceral organs. 

A. The choroid plexus is present in the ventricles of the brain.
B. Nervous plexus is the bundle of the neurons.
C. Auerbach plexus is present in the muscularis of the visceral organs.
D. Brachial plexus is present in the spinal cord formed by four lower cervical spinal nerves and the first thoracic spinal nerve.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Auerbach plexus'

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

The self governing nervous system is known as

  1. Central nervous system

  2. Peripheral nervous system

  3. Autonomic nervous system

  4. Sympathetic nervous system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The peripheral nervous system is that connects the body organs with brain and the spinal cord is divided into two parts:

  1. Somatic nervous system: The neurons of this system innervate those muscles that are controlled by the voluntary consciousness for example, muscles of limbs, neck, tongue etc.
  2. Autonomic nervous system: The neurons of this system innervates the visceral organs and their effects are not controlled by the conscious brain. They function involuntarily. So, these are the self-governing part of the nervous system. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system are classified under the autonomic nervous system.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Autonomic nervous system'

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

A person entering an empty room suddenly finds a snake right in front on opening the door. Which one of the following is likely to happen in his neuro-hormonal control system?

  1. Sympathetic nervous system is activated releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal medulla

  2. Neurotransmitters diffuse rapidly across the cleft and transmit a nerve impulse

  3. Hypothalamus activates the parasympathetic division of brain

  4. Sympathetic nervous system is activated releasing epinephrine and norepinephrine from adrenal cortex.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by the adrenal medulla and nervous system respectively. They are the flight/fight hormones that are released when the body is under extreme stress. They are also called as emergency hormone as it initiates quick reaction which makes the individual to think and respond quickly to the stress. The hormone increases metabolic rate. Dilation of blood vessels going to heart and the brain occurs. So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Comparing the somatic nervous system with the autonomic nervous system, which of the following statement is true?

  1. Autonomic nervous system produces involuntary movement in skeletal muscle

  2. Somatic nervous system produces voluntary movement in glands and smooth muscle

  3. Autonomic nervous system produces voluntary movement in smooth muscle and glands

  4. Autonomic nervous system produces involuntary movement in smooth muscle, viscera and glands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system that supplies that internal organs, including the blood vessels, stomach, intestine, liver, kidneys, and digestive glands.

So, the correct option is 'Autonomic nervous system produces involuntary movement in smooth muscle, viscera and glands'.

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Parasympathetic nervous system is also termed as

  1. Visceral

  2. Thoracico-lumbar

  3. Cranio-sacral

  4. Mesenteric
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The parasympathetic nervous system is a division of the autonomic nervous system. The preganglionic nerve fibres of this system arise from the brain which includes cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X, that is, the oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves, as well as from the sacral region of the spinal cord, that is, ramus communicans 2, 3 and 4. The sympathetic nervous system is called the thoracico-lumbar.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Cranio-sacral'

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Which of the following is not true concerning the autonomic nervous system?

  1. Sympathetic responses include fight-or-flight responses

  2. Sympathetic responses are generally widespread throughout the body

  3. It includes sensory pre- and postganglionic fibres

  4. Autonomic division is entirely motor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system that supplies internal organs, including the blood vessels, stomach, intestine, liver, kidneys, and digestive glands.

So, the correct option is 'It includes sensory pre- and postganglionic fibres'.

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man divisions of nervous system autonomic nervous system the human brain

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
All visceral effectors are innervated by both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system for coordinating various activities of the body This concept is known is

  1. sensory/motor regulation

  2. dual innervation

  3. autonomic summation

  4. neurotransmitter trade-off
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

There is a dual innervation of most organs of the body by the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS. The connection of both systems with the hypothalamus and higher brain areas have been omitted.

So, the correct option is 'dual innervation'.

Multiple choice biology windows of knowledge human tongue organ of taste tongue : the organ of taste

Cranial nerves carries taste information from

  1. Tongue

  2. Palate

  3. Epiglottis

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • The taste receptors are located around the small structures known as papillae found on the upper surface of the tongue, soft palate, upper oesophagus, the cheek, and epiglottis.
  • The cranial nerves innervate these sites and carry taste information to the brain.
  • Hence Cranial nerves carry taste information from Tongue, Palate and Epiglottis.
  • So, the correct answer is 'All the above'.
Multiple choice biology windows of knowledge human tongue organ of taste tongue : the organ of taste

Which of the following helps in sensation of taste?

  1. Taste receptors

  2. Olfactory receptors

  3. Auditory receptors

  4. Flavour receptors
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • A taste receptor is a type of receptor which facilitates the sensation of taste. These receptors are of four types.
  •  When food or other substances enter the mouth, molecules interact with saliva and are bound to taste receptors in the oral cavity and other locations. Hence, Taste receptors help in the sensation of taste.
So, the correct answer is 'Taste receptors'.


Multiple choice biology windows of knowledge human tongue organ of taste tongue : the organ of taste

How may neurosensory cells be present in each taste buds?

  1. 1

  2. 2- 4

  3. 5- 15

  4. 20- 30
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

There are small elevated cells in the tongue which are called as the taste buds. There are the receptor or the neurosensory cells in these taste buds. There are about 5-15 neurosensory cells in each taste bud. There are cilia-like structures on one end and there are nerve fibres which extend from the other end to the brain. There are taste buds for the detection of different type of taste like sweet, sour, bitter, etc.

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Multiple choice biology windows of knowledge human tongue organ of taste tongue : the organ of taste

Gustatory receptors are specialized in detecting

  1. Taste

  2. Light

  3. Smell

  4. Touch
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Gustatory receptors are also called taste receptors. Taste receptors recognize five basic tastes such as salty, sour, sweet, bitter and umami. Salty and sour tastes are detected with the help of ion channels in the tongue. Sweet, bitter, and umami tastes are detected with the help of G protein-coupled taste receptors. 

Thus the correct answer is option A.