Biology

Nervous System and Neurons

1,224 Questions

The nervous system and neurons section covers the structural and functional aspects of the human nervous system. Topics include nerve fibers, the myelin sheath, and sympathetic nervous system functions. This material is crucial for general science preparation in various competitive exams.

Neuron structureMyelin sheath productionSympathetic nervous systemCranial and spinal nervesParasympathetic functions

Nervous System and Neurons Questions

Multiple choice biology windows of knowledge human tongue organ of taste tongue : the organ of taste

Tongue taste is under control of

  1. Facial nerve

  2. Glossopharyngeal nerve

  3. Trigeminal nerve

  4. Autonomous nervous system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) controls taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. This region includes the tip, edges, and most of the tongue surface where sweet, salty, and sour tastes are primarily detected. The chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve carries these taste signals.

Multiple choice biology windows of knowledge human tongue organ of taste tongue : the organ of taste

Injury to vagus nerve will not affect

  1. Gastrointestinal movements

  2. Tongue movements

  3. Cardiac movements

  4. Pancreatic secretion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) is involved in parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract. Tongue movements are controlled by the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII), not the vagus nerve.

Multiple choice biology windows of knowledge human tongue organ of taste tongue : the organ of taste

Receptor absent over tongue is

  1. Thermoreceptor

  2. Gustatoreceptor

  3. Photoreceptor

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. Thermoreceptors sense temperature change and are present on tongue and skin.
B.  Gustatoreceptors are taste buds present on tongue which sense different tastes.
C. Photoreceptors are the cells that are associated with coloured vision and vision under daylight and low light They are present in eye.
So, the correct answer is 'Photoreceptor'.
Multiple choice biology windows of knowledge human tongue organ of taste tongue : the organ of taste

Tongue has

  1. Baroreceptors

  2. Olfactoreceptors

  3. Gustatoreceptors

  4. Tangoreceptors
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. Baroreceptors are mechanoreceptors present in the blood vessels and sense pressure changes.
B. Olfactoreceptors are present in nasal cavity and sense smell.
C. Gustatoreceptors are taste buds present on tongue and sense different tastes.
D. Tangoreceptors are present on skin surfaces and sense touch.
So, the correct answer is 'Gustatoreceptors'.
Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Centre of autonomic nervous system is located in?

  1. Hypothalamus

  2. Medulla Oblongata

  3. Cerebellum
  4. Both $(1)$ and $(2)$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The nervous system in humans controls a variety of functions. The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system are the two major parts of the nervous system. The peripheral nervous system is further of two types- the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic system controls the sense organs and voluntary muscles. The autonomic nervous system controls the internal organs and glands of the body. The hypothalamus acts as the center of the autonomic nervous system and controls its activities.
So the correct answer is 'Hypothalamus'.
Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Sympatheticnervous system is also called 

  1. visceral nervous system

  2. thoraco-lumber nervous system

  3. cranio-sacral nervous system

  4. mesentaric nervous system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The sympathetic nervous system is called the thoraco-lumbar outflow because its preganglionic neurons originate in the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

In mammals, the autonomic system is composed of

  1. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

  2. Cranial and spinal nerves

  3. Brain and spinal cord

  4. Medullated and non-medullated nerves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The nervous system is divided into two major divisions, central and peripheral nervous system. 

The centrally located central nervous system includes brain and spinal cord. Peripheral nervous system includes all cranial and spinal nerves. 
Peripheral nervous system is further divided into somatic and autonomous divisions. The autonomous nervous system has two divisions; sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, which have opposite functions. 
The nerve fibres are classified as myelinated and non myelinated fibres on the basis of presence or absence of myelin sheath. Myelinated fibres are present in the white matter of brain and spinal cord as well as in cranial and spinal nerves. Non-myelinated fibres are present in autonomous nerves system. 

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

In human, autonomic nervous system is composed of 

  1. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

  2. Cranial and spinal nerves

  3. Brain and spinal nerves

  4. Medulated and non medulated nerves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In Humans, the autonomic nervous system is composed of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). 

They have antagonistic (opposite) effects on the internal organs they innervate. 
The SNS is activated during critical situations, like fight or flight responses and consists of motor neurons that stimulate skeletal muscles. PNS is activated whilst at rest, such as during food digestion after eating and it consists of motor neurons that control smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands. Hence option A is correct.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Which of the following is not the action of sympathetic nervous system?

  1. Dilation of pupil

  2. Storage of bile in the gall bladder

  3. Constriction of peripheral arteries

  4. Contraction in the wall of urinary bladder
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The sympathetic nervous system inhibits digestion, including gallbladder activity. Storing bile is a function associated with the parasympathetic system (rest and digest).

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Which of the following is regulated by autonomic nervous system?

  1. Heart

  2. Internal organs

  3. Brain

  4. External organs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions such as the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal. Hence, Internal organs are regulated by the autonomic nervous system.
So, the correct answer is 'Internal organs'.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

While walking home from night class, a college student was frightened by a barking dog. After walking to another block, she notices her breathing and heart rate have slowed down to normal levels. Which branch of her nervous system is responsible for these changes?

  1. The sympathetic nervous system

  2. The parasympathetic nervous system

  3. The afferent nervous system

  4. The somatic nervous system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The parasympathetic nervous system is one of three divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Sometimes called as the rest and digest system, the parasympathetic system conserves energy as it slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Which system includes the motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles?

  1. Enteric nervous system

  2. Somatic nervous system

  3. Peripheral nervous system

  4. Parasympathetic division

  5. Sympathetic division
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A motor neuron is a nerve cell whose body is located in the spinal cord and the fiber projects outside the spinal cord. This directly or indirectly controls the effector organs such as the muscles and glands. The motor neurons are differentiated as alpha , beta and gamma motor neurons.  A single motor neuron may innervate many muscle fibers. The somatic nervous system also known as the voluntary nervous system consists of afferent and efferent nerves that innervate the skeletal muscles.