Biology

Nervous System and Neurons

1,164 Questions

The nervous system and neurons section covers the structural and functional aspects of the human nervous system. Topics include nerve fibers, the myelin sheath, and sympathetic nervous system functions. This material is crucial for general science preparation in various competitive exams.

Neuron structureMyelin sheath productionSympathetic nervous systemCranial and spinal nervesParasympathetic functions

Nervous System and Neurons Questions

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

In human, autonomic nervous system is composed of 

  1. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

  2. Cranial and spinal nerves

  3. Brain and spinal nerves

  4. Medulated and non medulated nerves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In Humans, the autonomic nervous system is composed of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). 

They have antagonistic (opposite) effects on the internal organs they innervate. 
The SNS is activated during critical situations, like fight or flight responses and consists of motor neurons that stimulate skeletal muscles. PNS is activated whilst at rest, such as during food digestion after eating and it consists of motor neurons that control smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands. Hence option A is correct.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Which of the following is not the action of sympathetic nervous system?

  1. Dilation of pupil

  2. Storage of bile in the gall bladder

  3. Constriction of peripheral arteries

  4. Contraction in the wall of urinary bladder
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The sympathetic nervous system inhibits digestion, including gallbladder activity. Storing bile is a function associated with the parasympathetic system (rest and digest).

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Which of the following is regulated by autonomic nervous system?

  1. Heart

  2. Internal organs

  3. Brain

  4. External organs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions such as the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal. Hence, Internal organs are regulated by the autonomic nervous system.
So, the correct answer is 'Internal organs'.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

While walking home from night class, a college student was frightened by a barking dog. After walking to another block, she notices her breathing and heart rate have slowed down to normal levels. Which branch of her nervous system is responsible for these changes?

  1. The sympathetic nervous system

  2. The parasympathetic nervous system

  3. The afferent nervous system

  4. The somatic nervous system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The parasympathetic nervous system is one of three divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Sometimes called as the rest and digest system, the parasympathetic system conserves energy as it slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Which system includes the motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles?

  1. Enteric nervous system

  2. Somatic nervous system

  3. Peripheral nervous system

  4. Parasympathetic division

  5. Sympathetic division
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A motor neuron is a nerve cell whose body is located in the spinal cord and the fiber projects outside the spinal cord. This directly or indirectly controls the effector organs such as the muscles and glands. The motor neurons are differentiated as alpha , beta and gamma motor neurons.  A single motor neuron may innervate many muscle fibers. The somatic nervous system also known as the voluntary nervous system consists of afferent and efferent nerves that innervate the skeletal muscles. 

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Which of the following functions is influenced by autonomic nervous system?

  1. Heart rate

  2. Digestion

  3. Urination

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions such as the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal. Hence, Heart rate, Digestion and Urination functions are influenced by the autonomic nervous system. 
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Autonomic nervous system controls

  1. Voluntary activities

  2. Involuntary activites

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • The Peripheral Nervous System is divided into two systems: the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary actions such as breathing and digestion, and the somatic nervous system, which governs voluntary action and body reflexes.
  •  The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions such as the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal. Hence, Autonomic nervous system controls Involuntary activities.
 So, the correct answer is 'Involuntary activities'.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Which of the following is activated in stress condition?

  1. Sympathetic

  2. Parasympathetic

  3. Somatic

  4. Whole ANS
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Sympathetic nervous system is activated in stress condition.
The stress response begins in the brain. When someone confronts a danger, the eyes or ears (or both) send the information to the amygdala, an area of the brain that contributes to emotional processing. The amygdala interprets the images and sounds. When it perceives danger, it instantly sends a distress signal to the hypothalamus.
When someone experiences a stressful event, the amygdala, an area of the brain that contributes to emotional processing, sends a distress signal to the hypothalamus. This area of the brain functions like a command center, communicating with the rest of the body through the nervous system so that the person has the energy to fight or flee.
The hypothalamus is a command center. This area of the brain communicates with the rest of the body through the autonomic nervous system, which controls such involuntary body functions as breathing, blood pressure, heartbeat, and the dilation or constriction of key blood vessels and small airways in the lungs called bronchioles. The autonomic nervous system has two components, the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system functions like a gas pedal in a car. It triggers the fight-or-flight response, providing the body with a burst of energy so that it can respond to perceived dangers. The parasympathetic nervous system acts like a brake. It promotes the "rest and digest" response that calms the body down after the danger has passed.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Sympathetic nerves in mammals develop from

  1. Sacral region

  2. Cervical region

  3. Thoracico-lumbar region

  4. 3rd, 7th, 9th and 10th cranial nerves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Sympathetic nerves emerge from the central nervous system specifically from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord, which is why it is called the thoracico-lumbar system.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Extension of sympathetic nervous system is 

  1. Adrenal medulla

  2. Adrenal cortex

  3. Pineal

  4. Neurohypophysis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Sympathetic nervous system is a division of autonomous nervous system (ANS). ANS has two parts, sympathetic and parasympathetic, both of which are antagonistic to each other in effects. Sympathetic nervous system produces effects on body in response to epinephrine or adrenaline hormone secreted from adrenal medulla. Adrenaline is known as emergency hormone and induces fight or flight response in body whenever homeostasis of body is disturbed.
So, the correct answer is 'Adrenal medulla'.
Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Neurons m the autonomic nervous system include

  1. two motor neurons and one ganglion

  2. one motor neuron and two ganglia

  3. two motor neurons and no ganglia

  4. two motor neurons and two ganglia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Motor neurons of the autonomic nervous system are found in autonomic ganglia. The activity of autonomic ganglionic neurons is modulated by preganglionic neurons located in the central nervous system.

So, the correct option is 'two motor neurons and one ganglion'.