Biology

Nervous System and Neurons

1,164 Questions

The nervous system and neurons section covers the structural and functional aspects of the human nervous system. Topics include nerve fibers, the myelin sheath, and sympathetic nervous system functions. This material is crucial for general science preparation in various competitive exams.

Neuron structureMyelin sheath productionSympathetic nervous systemCranial and spinal nervesParasympathetic functions

Nervous System and Neurons Questions

Multiple choice biology windows of knowledge human nose nose nose : the olfactory organ

Both olfactory receptors and sound receptors have cilia, and they both

  1. are chemoreceptors

  2. are mechanoreceptors

  3. initiate nerve impulses

  4. all of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

 Both olfactory receptors and sound receptors have cilia. The different senses are taste, smell, vision and auditory senses. In humans, specialized sensory receptors are present in distinct sense organs that detect the sensory stimuli and transmit the stimuli as nerve impulses to the brain.


So, the correct answer is 'initiate nerve impulses'.

Multiple choice biology neural control and coordination structure of muscle skeletal muscles locomotion and movements

Internal stimulus comes from

  1. Inside an organism

  2. Outside an organism

  3. Skin

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • In physiology, a stimulus is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. 
  • When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex. Hence, Internal stimulus comes from
Inside an organism.
 So, the correct answer is 'Inside an organism'.

Multiple choice biology neural control and coordination structure of muscle skeletal muscles locomotion and movements

A stimulus for the olfactory receptor is 

  1. Taste

  2. Smell

  3. Touch

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • The olfactory receptor neurons are located in a small region within the superior nasal cavity. This region is referred to as the olfactory epithelium.
  • When the airborne molecules are inhaled through the nose, they pass over the olfactory epithelial region and the olfactory receptors are stimulated and in turn, the smell is perceived.
  • Hence A stimulus for the olfactory receptor is smell.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Smell'.
Multiple choice biology neural control and coordination structure of muscle skeletal muscles locomotion and movements

Nociceptors detect

  1. Change in temperature

  2. Touch and pressure

  3. Light

  4. Tissue damage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Nociceptors are sensory receptors which detect signals from damaged tissue 
  • These receptors detect the damaged tissue or threat of damage to tissue and send signals to the spinal cord and the brain.
  • Examples for Nociceptive pain includes  sprains, bone fractures, burns, bumps, bruises, inflammation .
  • Hence Nociceptors detect 'Tissue damage'.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Tissue damage'.
Multiple choice biology neural control and coordination structure of muscle skeletal muscles locomotion and movements

Receptors to both touch and pressure are called as 

  1. Thermoreceptors

  2. Mechanoreceptors

  3. Chemoreceptors

  4. Phonoreceptors
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • A receptor is a protein molecule usually found embedded in the plasma membrane surface of the cell that receives chemical signals from outside the cell and when such chemical signals bind to the receptor, They cause some form of cellular or tissue response.
  • There are four main types of receptors: mechanoreceptors(touch and pressure), thermoreceptors(heat), pain receptors(pain), and proprioceptors(position and movement).
  • Hence Receptors to both touch and pressure are called as Mechanoreceptors.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Mechanoreceptors'.
Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms the reflex action reflex action and reflex arc basic reflex action and reflex arc

For good reflex actions we require intact _____________.

  1. Spinal cord

  2. Medulla oblongata

  3. Hypothalamus

  4. Cerebellum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Reflex actions are rapid, involuntary responses to stimuli that are primarily processed by the spinal cord, allowing for a faster reaction time than if the signal had to travel to the brain.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms the reflex action reflex action and reflex arc basic reflex action and reflex arc

Monosynaptic reflex is a _____________

  1. Complex reflex arc consisting of two sensory neurons and one motor neuron

  2. Simple reflex arc consisting of two sensory neurons and one motor neuron

  3. Simple reflex arc consisting of one sensory neuron and one motor neuron

  4. Simple reflex arc consisting of one sensory neuron and two motor neurons
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • A simple reflex arc consists of only one sensory neuron and one motor neuron, hence the name is the monosynaptic reflex. A complex reflex arc or polysynaptic reflex is formed when the sensory neuron influences several motor neurons through intermediate (association) neurons of the spinal cord. Complex reflex arc consisting of two sensory neurons and one motor neuron.


Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms the reflex action reflex action and reflex arc basic reflex action and reflex arc

Which of the following is an incorrect pair?

i. Effector organ of somatic reflex- Skeletal muscles
ii. Receptor organ of somatic reflex- Smooth muscles
iii. Effector organ of visceral reflex- Skin
iv. Receptor organ of visceral reflex- Epithelial lining of the gut

  1. (i) and (iii)

  2. (ii) and (iii)

  3. All of the above

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The somatic reflex arc affects the muscles and the receptor organ is skin whereas, the effector organ is skeletal muscles. The visceral reflex arc affects the internal organs and the receptor organ is epithelial lining of the gut whereas, the effector organ is smooth muscles. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man reflex action innate and learned behaviour coordination in human beings- chemical control

In reflex action, the reflex is formed by

  1. Brain- spinal cord- muscles

  2. Receptor- spinal cord- muscles

  3. Muscles- receptors- brain

  4. Muscles- spinal cord- receptor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A reflex arc consists of a receptor (detects stimulus), a sensory neuron, an integration center (spinal cord), a motor neuron, and an effector (muscles).

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man reflex action innate and learned behaviour coordination in human beings- chemical control

Reflex  action (withdrawal of hand from heat source) is controlled by

  1. Sympathetic nervous system

  2. Autonomic nervous system

  3. Spinal cord

  4. Peripheral nervous system

  5. Craniosacral outflow
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Simple withdrawal reflexes, such as pulling a hand away from a hot object, are mediated by the spinal cord to ensure the fastest possible response time.

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man reflex action innate and learned behaviour coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of the following is not a component of the reflex?

  1. Receptor

  2. Effector

  3. Motor neuron

  4. Plexus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Plexus is a powered weight loss supplement that mix with water and drink. Plexus is slim claimed to help you lose weight by making you feel more full. It is also claimed to help reduce blood sugar and cholesterol levels.

So, the correct option is 'Plexus'.

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man reflex action innate and learned behaviour coordination in human beings- chemical control

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which of the following are the first and last elements in a spinal reflex?

  1. Axon and dendrite

  2. Sense organ and muscle effector

  3. Ventral horn and dorsal horn

  4. Motor neuron and sensory neuron
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Receptor - sense organ in the skin, muscle, or another organ.
  • Sensory neuron - carrier impulse within CNS
Interneuron - carrier impulse within CNS
  • Motor neuron - carrier impulse towards CNS
  • Effector - structure by which an animal responds.
So, the correct option is 'Sense organs and muscle effector'.