Biology

Nervous System and Neurons

1,224 Questions

The nervous system and neurons section covers the structural and functional aspects of the human nervous system. Topics include nerve fibers, the myelin sheath, and sympathetic nervous system functions. This material is crucial for general science preparation in various competitive exams.

Neuron structureMyelin sheath productionSympathetic nervous systemCranial and spinal nervesParasympathetic functions

Nervous System and Neurons Questions

Multiple choice zoology nervous system of man major divisions of nervous system introduction to control and coordination neurons and synapses

Rapid integration of the functional activities in human is achieved by 

  1. Nervous system

  2. Endocrine system

  3. Blood

  4. Muscular system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The body's communication systems are the endocrine and nervous systems. At an integrative level, the primary function of the nervous system is to control many of the functions of our bodies and minds. It does this by extracting information from the environment using sensory receptors, sending signals that encode this information into the central nervous system, processing the information to determine an appropriate response, and sending output signals to muscles or glands to initiate the response. The nervous system responds rapidly to short-term changes. By nature, these hormones are synthesized at a distance from their target cells and travel through the bloodstream or intercellular fluid until they reach these cells. Upon reaching their target cell, the hormone acts on the cell to increase or decrease the expression of specific genes. This process takes significantly longer than that of the nervous system, as endocrine hormones must first be synthesized, transported to their target cell, and enter or signal the cell. Then, the target cell must go through the process of transcription, translation, and protein synthesis before the intended action of the hormone can be seen . 

Multiple choice zoology nervous system of man major divisions of nervous system introduction to control and coordination neurons and synapses

Identify the origin of sympathetic nerve fibres and the location of their ganglia.

  1. They arise from thoraco-lumbar region of spinal cord and form ganglia just beside the vertebral column.

  2. They arise from thoraco-cervical region of spinal cord and form ganglia just beside the vertebral column.

  3. They arise from cranio-sacral region of spinal cord and form ganglia very close to effector organ.

  4. They arise from thoraco-lumbar region of spinal cord and form ganglia very close to effector organ
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The sympathetic nervous system( also called thoracic-lumber outflow as its preganglionic fibres arise from the thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord) consists of two sympathetic nerves or chains running from head to the end of the sacral region, one on each side of the vertebral column.
Each sympathetic chain bears several ganglia called lateral or chain ganglia. some chain ganglia fuse to form three ganglia, in the neck, after which there is a linear series of ganglia in the thoracic and lumbar regions.
So, the correct answer is 'They arise from the thoracolumbar region of spinal cord and form ganglia just beside the vertebral column'.


Multiple choice zoology nervous system of man major divisions of nervous system introduction to control and coordination neurons and synapses

Neurons are important components of

  1. Brain

  2. Central nervous system

  3. Spinal cord

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Our nervous system is made up of brain, spinal cord, sense receptors and a whole lot of nerves. But all these are ultimately made up of nerve cells or neurons.

Neurons are cells that send and receive electro-chemical signals to and from the brain and nervous system. There are about 100 billion neurons in the brain. 

Multiple choice

Neurons send __________ to your brain

  1. messages

  2. pain

  3. heat
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system and are responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals, or messages, throughout the body and to the brain.

Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) circulatory system in frog frog - digestive system, circulatory system, excretory system and reproductive system frog

Velocity of conduction of nerve impulse in frog is ________________.

  1. Faster than sound

  2. 30 metro per second

  3. 300 metro per second

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The velocity of nerve impulse conduction in a frog is significantly slower than 30 m/s, typically ranging around 20-30 m/s depending on the nerve fiber type. Since 30 m/s is a specific value but often cited as an approximation, 'None of these' is technically correct if the exact value is not listed.

Multiple choice nervous system of man major divisions of nervous system introduction to control and coordination neurons and synapses

Choose the type of nervous system and type of muscle supplying visceral organs

  1. Sympathetic nervous system, voluntary

  2. Sympathetic nervous system, involuntary

  3. Parasympathetic nervous system, involuntary

  4. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, involuntary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The autonomic nervous system, which includes both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, regulates involuntary functions of visceral organs and involuntary muscles (smooth muscles).

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man structure and function of spinal cord the spinal cord spinal cord

The path of passage of stimulus when you accidentally touch a hotplate is?

  1. receptor $\rightarrow$ brain $\rightarrow$ muscles
  2. muscles $\rightarrow$ spinal cord $\rightarrow$ receptor
  3. muscles $\rightarrow$ brain $\rightarrow$ receptor
  4. receptor $\rightarrow$ spinal cord $\rightarrow$ muscles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This describes a reflex arc. The stimulus is detected by a receptor, transmitted to the spinal cord via sensory neurons, and then to the muscles via motor neurons to trigger a response.

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man structure and function of spinal cord the spinal cord spinal cord

Destruction of anterior horn cells of spinal cord would result in loss of

  1. Sensory impulses

  2. Voluntary motor impulses

  3. Commissural impulses

  4. Integrating impulses
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The anterior horn of the spinal cord contains the cell bodies of motor neurons. Damage to these cells disrupts the transmission of signals to muscles, resulting in the loss of voluntary motor control.

Multiple choice zoology neural control and coordination structure and function of spinal cord the spinal cord spinal cord

White matter of spinal cord contains

  1. Nerve axons

  2. Cell bodies

  3. Clusters of neurons and cell bodies

  4. Motor neurons
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

White matter is a component of the central nervous system, in the brain and spinal cord, and consists mostly of glial cells and myelinated axons that transmit signals from one region of the cerebrum to another and between the cerebrum and lower brain centers.

Multiple choice zoology neural control and coordination structure and function of spinal cord the spinal cord spinal cord

All are true about spinal cord except:

  1. Epidural space around meninges is present.

  2. Pseudounipolar neurons found in ventral root.

  3. Sensory fibre in dorsal root and motor fibre in ventral root.

  4. Lateral horn cell realted cell to ANS formation.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The soma (cell body) of each Pseudounipolar neuron is located within a dorsal root ganglion.
Pseudounipolar neurons are also found in the sensory ganglia of cranial nerves V, VII, IX and X, all mixed-cranial nerves.
 So, the correct option is  'Pseudounipolar neurons found in the ventral root'.