Molecular Genetics

DNA polymerase cannot initiate the building of a nucleotide strand; it can only add to an existing strand. Thus, RNA primers are necessary to begin DNA synthesis.

In eukaryotic cells, cycloheximide blocks elongation during translation.

The three codons involved in the termination of translation are UGA, UAG, and UAA. They are called stop or nonsense codons. A stop codon is a nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA that signals a termination of translation. They are a normal part of the protein synthesis.

In eukaryotic translation process, during the binding of the mRNA leader sequence, the first event is the binding of the mRNA leader to the smaller ribosomal subunit.

Yes, it is correct. Introns are non-coding sections of an RNA transcript, or the DNA encoding it, which are spliced out before the RNA molecule is translated into a protein. The sections of DNA (or RNA) that code for proteins are called exons.

Insertion of one base will alter the reading frame and usually leads to a stop codon eventually.

The messenger RNA (mRNA), molecule in cells that carries codes from the DNA in the nucleus to the sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm (the ribosomes). cDNA library is created by reverse transcription of mRNA.

snRNA (small nuclear RNA) is a component of the splicosome.

Northern blotting is used to visualise RNA.

Algorithms That Use Prealignment This type of algorithm requires the user to provide a pairwise or multiple alignment as input. The sequence alignment can be obtained using standard alignment programs such as T-Coffee, PRRN, or Clustal. RNAalifold is a program in the Vienna package. It uses a multiple sequence alignment as input to analyze covariation patterns on the sequences.

This option is correct because TBLASTN queries protein sequences to a nucleotide sequence database.

SILVA is a comprehensive on-line resource for quality checked and aligned ribosomal RNA sequence data.

TRANSFAC (TRANScription FACtor database) is a manually curated database of eukaryotic transcription factors, their genomic binding sites and DNA binding profiles. The contents of the database can be used to predict potential transcription factor binding sites.

The stop codon or termination codon is a nucleotide triplet within mRNA that signals a termination of translation.

The choice between expressing an immunoglobulin as a membrane-bound B-cell receptor or as a secreted antibody is determined by differential RNA processing and alternative polyadenylation of the heavy chain primary transcript, rather than DNA rearrangement events like class switching.