Modern Indian History

This famous quote is from Swami Vivekananda's speech at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago in 1893. The words are inspired by the Sanskrit verse 'Uttisthata jagrata prapya varannibodhata' from the Katha Upanishad.

Lala Lajpat Rai, along with other leaders like Dayal Singh and Rajguru, was indeed among the founders of Punjab National Bank established in 1895. The bank was created to promote Indian-owned industry and counter British economic dominance.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak gave the famous quote 'Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it' in 1916, becoming a powerful slogan for India's independence movement. Tilak was one of the first and strongest advocates of Swaraj (self-rule) and was known as 'The Father of Indian Unrest'.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is officially called the 'Father of the Nation' in India for his leadership of the Indian independence movement. Subhash Chandra Bose was a freedom fighter but not given this title. Sachin Tendulkar is a cricket legend, and Jamshedji Tata was an industrialist.

India gained independence on 15th August 1947 after nearly 200 years of British rule. 1950 is when India became a Republic (Constitution adopted). 1857 was the First War of Independence. 2009 is a recent year unrelated to independence.

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay composed Vande Mataram in 1876 for his novel Anandamath. It became India's national song and inspired freedom fighters. Tagore wrote Jana Gana Mana.

A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada founded the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) in New York City in 1966. Bhakti Siddhanta was his guru.

The Indian National Flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on July 22, 1947, 24 days before independence. It became the official flag of the Dominion of India. August 15, 1947 was Independence Day, and January 26, 1950 was Republic Day - neither is the adoption date.

Dadabhai Naoroji is known as the 'Grand Old Man of India' for his pioneering role in India's independence movement, economic critique of British rule, and as one of the first Indian leaders to demand self-rule.

The Cabinet Mission arrived in India in 1946 to discuss the transfer of power from British rule to Indian leadership. This crucial mission proposed a framework for India's independence and constitutional structure.

George Joseph's statue is located at the Yanaikkal (Elephant Corner) road junction in Madurai. George Joseph was a prominent Indian politician and lawyer from Tamil Nadu who served as a member of the Constituent Assembly of India. The Yanaikkal junction is a well-known landmark in Madurai.

Dr. Amartya Sen, the Nobel Prize-winning Indian economist and philosopher, authored 'The Idea of Justice' (2009). This major work explores theories of justice and proposes comparative approaches to realizing justice in society. The other options are incorrect: Singh was Prime Minister, Gandhi was a politician, and Mandela wrote 'Long Walk to Freedom'.

Telugu was declared the official language of Andhra Pradesh on November 1, 1956, when the state was formed for Telugu-speaking people. This date coincides with India's linguistic reorganization of states.

M. Karunanidhi served as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for five terms between 1969-2011. Stalin (M.K. Stalin) is his son who became CM much later (2021 onwards). Jayalalithaa was his rival and also served as CM. P. Sumudri appears to be incorrectly spelled.

The city of Madras was officially renamed Chennai in 1996. This was part of a broader movement to restore traditional Tamil names to cities in Tamil Nadu.