Modern Indian History

Mahatma Hansraj established the first D.A.V. (Dayanand Anglo-Vedic) school in 1886 at Lahore, which is now in Pakistan. He was inspired by Swami Dayanand Saraswati's teachings and became the first principal of the school, serving for 25 years without accepting salary. While Swami Dayanand inspired the movement, Hansraj actually founded the first school.

Mahatma Hansraj, a prominent Arya Samaj leader and educationist who founded DAV College, passed away in 1938. He was a key figure in the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (DAV) movement and contributed significantly to education in Punjab.

The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel in Mumbai (formerly Bombay) opened its doors to guests on December 16, 1903. It was commissioned by Jamsetji Tata and built at a cost of £250,000. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they don't match the historical opening date.

Tata Motors (formerly TELCO - Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company) was established in 1945. The company began as a manufacturer of locomotives and later expanded into commercial and passenger vehicles. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they don't match the historical founding year.

Sir Dorab Tata became chairman of the Tata Group in 1904 after his father Jamsetji Tata's death in 1904. He led the group's expansion and oversaw the establishment of Tata Steel. Options A, B, and C are incorrect years.

Voltas Limited, an Indian company specializing in air conditioning and refrigeration equipment, was founded in 1954. It is part of the Tata Group and is one of India's oldest engineering companies.

The Sepoy Mutiny, also known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857 or India's First War of Independence, began in 1857. It was a major, widespread uprising against British East India Company rule across northern and central India, marking a turning point in India's independence movement.

In August 1942, Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement during the All-India Congress Committee session in Bombay. This mass movement demanded an immediate end to British rule in India and marked the final major push for independence before World War II ended. The slogan 'Do or Die' became associated with this movement.

Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak founded Kesari (meaning 'Lion') in 1881 as a Marathi-language newspaper to advocate for Indian rights and promote nationalist ideas. He also started 'The Maratha' in English. Kesari became a powerful voice in the freedom struggle, regularly challenging British policies and mobilizing public opinion against colonial rule.

January 26, 1930 was declared as 'Purna Swaraj Day' (Complete Independence Day) by the Indian National Congress. When India adopted its constitution on November 26, 1949, January 26 was chosen to commemorate this historic declaration of complete independence from British rule.

The Quit India Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi on August 8, 1942, during the All-India Congress Committee session in Bombay. This mass movement demanded an end to British rule immediately. The Civil Disobedience Movement (1930) and Non-Cooperation Movement (1920) were earlier movements led by Gandhi.

Lokmanya Tilak started 'Kesari' (Marathi) in 1881 and 'Maratha' (English) in 1881 to promote the nationalist cause. These newspapers served as powerful mouthpieces for Indian voices during the freedom struggle. Ghadar was started by Lala Har Dayal, Swadesamitran was a Tamil newspaper, and Free Hindustan was published in North America.

Annie Besant (along with Bal Gangadhar Tilak) founded the Home Rule League in 1916 to demand self-rule for India. This movement aimed to educate people about self-governance and build national unity. The leagues were active during World War I and helped mobilize public opinion.

Lal, Bal, Pal refers to Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and Bipin Chandra Pal - three prominent nationalist leaders of the early 20th century. Lala Lajpat Rai was known as 'Lion of Punjab' and was a key figure in the freedom struggle. The trio advocated for Swadeshi and boycotted British goods.