Modern Indian History

Mahatma Gandhi is recognized as India's 'Father of the Nation' for his pivotal role in the country's independence movement through non-violent civil disobedience. The other options are variations of Gandhi family members but M.K. Gandhi is the correct title used for Mahatma Gandhi.

Martin Luther King Jr. was deeply influenced by Mahatma Gandhi's principle of non-violence (ahimsa) and applied it as the cornerstone of the American Civil Rights Movement. He visited India in 1959 to study Gandhi's methods firsthand.

India adopted its Constitution on 26th January 1950, which is celebrated as Republic Day. This date marks when the Constitution came into effect, replacing the Government of India Act (1935). 15th August 1947 was Independence Day when India gained freedom from British rule.

The All India Muslim League was founded in December 1906 at Dhaka. It was established to protect Muslim political interests in British India, eventually leading to the creation of Pakistan in 1947.

The Chauri-Chaura incident occurred on February 5, 1922, when protesters set fire to a police station, killing 22 officers. This led Gandhi to suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Vande Mataram was written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (Chattarjee) in 1870s, published in his novel Anandamath in 1882. It became India's national song. Tagore wrote Jana Gana Mana, the national anthem.

M. Visvesvaraya was a renowned engineering pioneer who contributed significantly to Indian infrastructure development. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1955 for his exceptional service, making option C correct. The other options, while notable figures, were not primarily engineering pioneers.

Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in 1875 to reform Hinduism and promote Vedic principles. Swami Vivekanand was associated with Ramakrishna Mission, Swami Virjanand was Dayanand's guru, and Mahatma Hansraj was a prominent Arya Samajist but not its founder.

Jana Gana Mana was first sung at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress in 1911, and it lasted approximately 52 seconds. It was sung on Day 2 of the session (December 27, 1911). The Surat session is associated with the 1907 split, while Madras and Bombay are incorrect for this specific historical fact.

The first D.A.V. (Dayanand Anglo Vedic) School was established in 1886 at Lahore (now in Pakistan) by Mahatma Hansraj, following the principles of Swami Dayanand Saraswati.

Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828 in Calcutta, a reform movement that sought to modernize Hindu society and abolish practices like Sati.

Mahatma Hansraj served as the principal of the first D.A.V. School at Lahore for 25 years without accepting any salary, demonstrating his dedication to the cause of education.

To answer this question, the user needs to know who Mahatma Hansraj is and basic knowledge about his life.

Mahatma Hansraj was an Indian educationist who founded the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (DAV) school system. He was born in Punjab, India, and is known for his efforts to promote education in India.

Now, let's go through each option and determine which one is correct:

A. April 6th 1894: This option is incorrect as it is not the birth date of Mahatma Hansraj.

B. Sept. 21st 1885: This option is incorrect as it is not the birth date of Mahatma Hansraj.

C. Sept. 21st 1870: This option is incorrect as it is not the birth date of Mahatma Hansraj.

D. April 14th 1864: This option is correct. Mahatma Hansraj was born on April 14th, 1864, in Punjab, India.

Therefore, the answer is: D

Albert Einstein spoke these words praising Gandhi's philosophy of individual moral leadership over material wealth. He admired Gandhi's approach of using personal example and moral force rather than material resources to advance humanity.

Swami Vivekananda emphasized fearlessness as a core principle of his philosophy. This quote reflects his teachings on courage and self-belief that he shared in his lectures and writings.