Modern Indian History

The Lahore Resolution was passed by the Muslim League in March 1940, calling for independent Muslim states in northwestern and eastern India. This became the foundation for the creation of Pakistan in 1947. The other years (1941-1943) are incorrect as the resolution specifically dates to 1940.

The Constituent Assembly of India was established on 6 December 1946 under the Cabinet Mission Plan. It was responsible for drafting the Constitution of India. The Assembly first met on 9 December 1946 and completed its work on 26 November 1949 (Adoption Day), with the Constitution coming into effect on 26 January 1950.

Fort William College was established in 1800 in Calcutta by Lord Wellesley to train British officials in Indian languages and culture. Option A (1974) is a typo - it should be 1774, but even that is incorrect. The correct year is 1800.

In 1972, Jayaprakash Narayan (JP) led a movement that convinced dacoits (bandits) of Madhya Pradesh, particularly the Chambal Valley dacoits, to surrender and join mainstream society. This was part of his social activism and 'Total Revolution' philosophy.

Mahatma Gandhi organized the Satyagraha Sabha in February 1919 to protest against the Rowlatt Act, which allowed detention without trial. Members took a pledge to disobey this unjust law through non-violent civil disobedience.

Chittaranjan Das, popularly known as 'Deshabandhu' (friend of the nation), was a prominent freedom fighter and political leader from Bengal. He founded the Swaraj Party and was a key figure in the Non-Cooperation Movement. The title 'Deshabandhu' was affectionately given to him by the people.

Debendranath Tagore revitalized the Brahmo Samaj in 1842 after Ram Mohan Roy's death, giving it new institutional structure and direction. He formalized the creed (Brahmo Dharma) in 1850 and established the Brahmo Samaj as a structured religious movement.

Ram Mohan Roy began his campaign against Sati around 1818, building public opinion through petitions, pamphlets, and debates. His efforts led to Lord William Bentinck's regulation (1829) banning Sati in British India. Roy's advocacy was grounded in Hindu scriptures and humanitarian principles.

The All India Women's Conference (AIWC) was founded in 1927 in Poona under the leadership of Margaret Cousins, with prominent members like Sarojini Naidu, Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, and Rajkumari Amrit Kaur. It advocated for women's education, legal rights, political participation, and social reform across India.

Pandit Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar became Principal of Sanskrit College, Calcutta in 1851, where he introduced modern subjects, reformed curriculum, and promoted widow remarriage. As an educator and administrator, he modernized Sanskrit education while respecting traditional learning, becoming a key figure in the Bengal Renaissance.

The Hindu Widow Re-marriage Act was indeed passed in 1856. This landmark social legislation was championed by Lord Dalhousie and strongly supported by social reformer Ishwar Chundy. The act legalized the remarriage of Hindu widows, marking a significant step toward women's rights in colonial India.

Mahatma Gandhi was indeed the editor of Young India, which he started in 1919. Through this journal, he articulated his views on non-violent resistance, Swadeshi, and the freedom movement. Young India served as a powerful medium for communicating his political philosophy to both the masses and the British authorities.

Correct Answer: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

Universities were indeed established in the presidency towns (Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras) in 1857, following the Woods Despatch of 1854. This marked the beginning of modern university education in India. These universities were modeled after the University of London and focused on Western education.