Modern Indian History

Mahatma Gandhi called for a nationwide hartal (strike) on March 6, 1919, to protest the Rowlatt Act. This was one of the first large-scale protests against the unjust act. The date 6th March 1919 is correct. Other dates: 1946 (Direct Action Day), 1905 (Bengal Partition), 1939 (Day of Deliverance).

The Cripps Mission was sent to India in 1942 during World War II to seek Indian cooperation in the war effort by promising dominion status after the war. The mission failed because its offer did not include immediate independence.

The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was founded in 1924. It was a revolutionary organization initially called the Hindustan Republican Association and later reorganized as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in 1928.

The Communist Party of India (CPI) was founded in 1925 in Kanpur. It emerged from various communist groups that had formed in the early 1920s and was officially established at its founding conference in December 1925.

The Hindu Mahasabha was founded in 1917 by Madan Mohan Malaviya. It was a Hindu nationalist political organization that advocated for Hindu interests and was initially part of the Congress before becoming a separate entity.

Subhash Chandra Bose gave the slogan 'Jai Hind' in 1941. This slogan later became India's national slogan and is still used today to greet people in a patriotic manner. It embodies the spirit of nationalism and freedom struggle.

Mahatma Gandhi said 'My only hope lies in prayer and answer to prayer.' This reflects his deep spiritual approach to the freedom struggle and his belief in the power of prayer and faith as sources of strength and guidance.

Subhash Chandra Bose founded the Forward Bloc in 1939 after resigning from the Indian National Congress due to differences with Gandhi's approach. The party aimed to unite all leftist forces within India for complete independence.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak gave the famous slogan 'Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it.' This became a rallying cry for the independence movement and inspired millions to fight for self-rule.

Subhash Chandra Bose gave the slogan 'Dilli Chalo' (March to Delhi) in 1944. This was a call to his Indian National Army (INA) to march towards Delhi to liberate India from British rule, symbolizing the determination to achieve independence.

Mahatma Gandhi returned the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal in 1920 as a protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and British policies. The medal had been awarded to him for his services during the Boer War, but he returned it as part of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Dadabhai Naoroji was indeed known as 'The Grand Old Man of India'. He was a prominent political leader, educator, and one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress. The title recognized his contributions to India's freedom struggle and economic analysis.

Sikkim became the 22nd state of the Indian Union on May 16, 1975, after a referendum abolished the monarchy. Prior to this, Sikkim was a protectorate under Indian control since 1973. The merger completed India's political integration of the Himalayan region.

Gandhiji's concept of ahimsa (non-violence) was not passive cowardice but active resistance against wickedness and injustice. He described it as 'the weapon of the strong' - a positive force requiring moral courage to stand against evil without resorting to violence.