Modern Indian History

Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society in 1905 to promote education and social reform. The organization aimed to train national missionaries for India's service through constitutional methods.

Correct Answer: 1931

Bihar and Orissa were carved out of Bengal as a separate province in 1912, following the annulment of the 1905 partition of Bengal. This administrative reorganization created a new province with Patna as its capital, acknowledging the distinct regional identity of these regions.

The All-India Muslim League was founded in December 1906 at Dhaka. It was established to protect Muslim political interests and promote Muslim representation. The formation was a response to the partition of Bengal and growing communal consciousness.

The partition of Bengal in 1905 by Lord Curzon was annulled in 1911 by King George V at the Delhi Durbar. This decision came in response to massive protests, the Swadeshi movement, and communal tensions that the partition had created. The annulment was a major victory for the nationalist movement.

In 1893, in Durban, South Africa, a young Gandhi was thrown off a first-class railway compartment and later beaten up when he refused to move from the pavement reserved for whites. This incident was a turning point in his life and shaped his future struggle against racial discrimination.

Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati in 1875 to reform Hindu society and promote Vedic teachings. He emphasized the authority of the Vedas and opposed idol worship, caste discrimination, and child marriage. Swami Vivekananda founded Ramakrishna Mission, while Keshav Chandra Sen and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar were associated with Brahmo Samaj and social reform movements in Bengal.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad founded Al-Hilal in 1912 to promote Hindu-Muslim unity and Indian nationalism. When it was banned by the British government in 1914, he founded Al-Balagh in 1915 to continue his journalistic work against colonial rule. Both newspapers played important roles in the freedom movement.

Brahmo Samaj, founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828, was the first major reform movement of 19th century India. It opposed idol worship, caste discrimination, sati, and child marriage while promoting rationalism and monotheism. Prarthana Samaj (1867), Arya Samaj (1875), and Ramakrishna Mission (1897) all came later in the century.

Dadabhai Naoroji propounded the theory of ‘Economic Drain of India’ during British imperialism.

In 1907, Lala Lajpat Rai was deported to Mandalay for organising the agrarian movement in Punjab.

Jawaharlal Nehru attended the Congress of Oppressed Nationalists at Brussels in 1927, on behalf of the National Congress.

High Courts were established in Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1862.

This is the correct answer as Seth Hukumchand was a Marwari businessman who set up the first Indian jute mill in Calcutta, in 1917.