Modern Indian History

Lord Curzon announced the partition of Bengal in 1905 and implemented it in October that year. The partition divided Bengal along religious lines (Hindu-majority west and Muslim-majority east) to weaken nationalist movements, but it actually unified opposition to British rule.

Mahatma Gandhi adopted the short dhoti as his permanent dress in 1921 during the Non-Cooperation Movement. This was a powerful political statement rejecting foreign cloth and embracing simplicity. He continued wearing it until his death, making it his signature attire.

The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in 1920 at the Nagpur session of the Indian National Congress. It was Gandhi's first nationwide mass movement against British rule, involving boycotts of schools, courts, and foreign goods.

Mahatma Gandhi protested with a shaved head in 1913 in South Africa after Indian coal miners in Durban were shot by police. The head-shaving was part of his satyagraha campaign against racial discrimination and brutal treatment of Indian workers in South Africa.

King George V was ruling over England when Gandhi attended the Round Table Conference in 1931. The conference was held under his reign, and Gandhi met the King during this visit, famously wearing his short dhoti.

Gandhi returned to India in January 1915 after spending 21 years in South Africa, where he developed his philosophy of satyagraha. This marked the beginning of his active involvement in India's independence movement.

In 1829, the Travancore government issued a proclamation ordering Shanar women to stop covering their upper bodies, which was part of caste-based dress codes that restricted certain communities' clothing rights.

Slavery was officially abolished in the princely state of Travancore in 1855 during the reign of Uthram Thirunal Marthanda Varma. This was part of social reforms in Kerala, preceding broader abolition movements in India. The earlier options represent other reform periods but not the specific slavery abolition date.

In 1830, Lord Bentinck's government passed regulations requiring Europeans to wear European dress at official functions. This policy was meant to maintain cultural distinction and racial hierarchy during British colonial rule in India. It reflected colonial attitudes of separateness between rulers and ruled.

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Mahatma Gandhi was the writer of Hind Swaraj.

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Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in March 1919.

The people of the Gudem hills in Andhra Pradesh were denied their traditional rights to the hills.