Modern Indian History

Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat. This is a well-documented historical fact and is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti in India. Option B correctly states '2nd October, 1869.' The other options (1868, 1879, 1889) are incorrect years. This is basic biographical knowledge about one of the most prominent figures in modern history.

Mahatma Gandhi is universally recognized as the 'Father of the Nation' in India. This title honors his pivotal role in India's independence movement and his leadership in shaping modern India through non-violent resistance.

Mahatma Gandhi was born in Porbandar, a coastal city in Gujarat, on October 2, 1869. Porbandar was then part of the Porbandar State in British India and is now a district in Gujarat.

Mahatma Gandhi's mother was Putlibai, the fourth wife of Karamchand Gandhi. She was a deeply religious woman who influenced Gandhi's spiritual and moral development, particularly his adherence to vegetarianism and religious tolerance.

This quote is authentically attributed to Mahatma Gandhi, reflecting his core philosophy that Truth (Satya) and Non-violence (Ahimsa) are eternal principles, not his own invention. He consistently emphasized that he was merely rediscovering and applying ancient wisdom.

Mahatma Gandhi's father was Karamchand Gandhi (also known as Kaba Gandhi). He served as the Diwan (prime minister) of Porbandar State. The other options (Harilal, Ramdas, Devadas) were actually Gandhi's sons, not his father.

Mahatma Gandhi was married to Kasturba Gandhi (often referred to as Kasturba Bai). They were married in 1883 when Gandhi was 13 and Kasturba was 14. She remained his lifelong companion and supported him throughout his political and social work.

Mahatma Gandhi traveled to England in September 1888 to study law and become a barrister. He enrolled at the Inner Temple, one of the four Inns of Court, and was called to the bar in 1891 before returning to India to practice law.

The Dandi Salt March (also called the Salt Satyagraha) was initiated by Gandhi on March 12, 1930, in response to the British salt tax. It was a 240-mile march to the Arabian Sea coast where Gandhi symbolically made salt, sparking the Civil Disobedience Movement.

In 1893, while appearing in a Durban court, the magistrate ordered Gandhi to remove his turban as a sign of respect. Gandhi refused, arguing that removing his turban was against his religious and cultural customs. This early stand against racial discrimination in South Africa shaped his future approach to civil rights.

Gandhi became the undisputed leader of the Indian National Congress in 1921, following his successful leadership of the Non-Cooperation Movement. The Nagpur Session of 1920 marked a turning point where Gandhi's principles of non-violent resistance were officially adopted by the Congress. His leadership transformed the Congress from a elite body into a mass organization.

'The Story of My Experiments with Truth' is Mahatma Gandhi's autobiography, originally written in Gujarati and later translated into English. It covers his life from early childhood through 1921, detailing his philosophical evolution and experiments with truth, non-violence, and satyagraha. The book provides insights into his personal and political development.

Raj Ghat in Delhi is the memorial where Mahatma Gandhi was cremated on January 31, 1948, the day after his assassination. The memorial is a simple black marble platform marking the spot of his cremation. It has become a national pilgrimage site where dignitaries from around the world pay homage to Gandhi.

Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948, by Nathuram Godse during a prayer meeting at Birla House in New Delhi. Gandhi was walking to the prayer ground when Godse fired three bullets at point-blank range. His assassination shocked the nation and the world, coming just months after India's independence.