Modern Indian Historical Figures

Tipu Sultan's full name was Sultan Fateh Ali Khan Shahab and he was the ruler of Mysore who pioneered the use of iron-cased rockets in warfare, which A.P.J. Abdul Kalam acknowledged as the world's first war rockets. The other options were different historical figures - Siraj-ud-Daulah (Nawab of Bengal), Tatya Tope (1857 rebel), and Shivaji (Maratha Empire founder).

Bahadur Shah Zafar was the last Mughal Emperor who became the symbolic leader of the 1857 rebellion and was exiled to Rangoon (Yangon), Burma after its failure, where he died in 1862. The other options are fabricated - there was no Bahadur Shah III, Bakhtiyar, or I in this context. The Mughal line ended with Zafar.

Lord Canning was Governor-General of India when the 1857 Revolt began. He served from 1856-1862 and became the first Viceroy of India after the rebellion. The revolt started in May 1857 with the sepoy mutiny at Meerut, spreading across northern India.

Chandrasekhar Azad (1906-1931) famously vowed never to be captured alive by the British and carried a pistol to end his own life if cornered. In 1931, surrounded by police at Alfred Park in Allahabad after being betrayed by an informer, he shot himself to avoid arrest, dying as he had lived - a free man. His last words reflected his revolutionary commitment to freedom.

Lord William Bentinck (Governor-General 1828-1835) initiated English education in India through the 1835 English Education Act, promoted by Macaulay's minute. This made English the medium of instruction. Hastings, Curzon, and Ripon had different roles - Curzon actually later opposed excessive Westernization.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah died of natural causes (tuberculosis) in September 1948. Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated in 1948, Liaqat Ali Khan in 1951, and Lord Mountbatten in 1979 - all were assassinated.

The Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought between Siraj-ud-Daula's forces and the British East India Company led by Lord Clive. Clive's victory marked the beginning of British political control over India.

Sir Archibald Nye was the last British Governor of Madras Presidency who continued in office even after India's independence on August 15, 1947. He served from 1946 to 1948. This was part of the transitional arrangement where some British officials continued briefly to ensure administrative continuity before Indian officials took over.

Lord Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India, was assassinated on August 27, 1979, by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA). They planted a bomb on his boat, Shadow V, in Donegal Bay, Ireland. Mountbatten, his grandson Nicholas, and two others were killed in the attack.

Vijay Mallya purchased Tipu Sultan's sword at a London auction in 2003 for approximately £175,000 and brought it back to India. He declared it a national treasure that should return to its homeland.

Pazhassi Raja (1753-1805) fought British from 1797 onwards in Malabar region, making him one of the earliest to resist colonial rule. Mangal Pandey's revolt was in 1857, much later. While Tipu Sultan and others also resisted, Pazhassi Raja is documented among the first organized resistances.

Lord Mountbatten served as the last Viceroy of India from March to August 1947, overseeing the partition and transfer of power. Lord Canning was the first Viceroy (1858-1862). Alexander and Marco Polo have no connection to British India.

Subhash Chandra Bose founded the Indian National Army (INA) or Azad Hind Fauj in 1942 with Japanese support in Southeast Asia. The army aimed to liberate India from British rule and fought alongside Japanese forces in the Burma campaign.

Edward Lutyens (along with Herbert Baker) was the architect who designed Rashtrapati Bhavan (formerly Viceroy's House). Lutyens was responsible for the overall design and the imposing dome, creating a blend of European and Indian architectural elements.

Edwin Lutyens was the chief architect of Rashtrapati Bhavan (then Viceroy's House). He designed it along with Herbert Baker. The building combines Indian and Western architectural styles and took 17 years to complete (1912-1929).