Modern Indian Historical Figures

Hemant Karkare was the Chief of the Mumbai Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS) and was killed during the 2008 Mumbai attacks. He had been investigating the Malegaon blast case before the attacks. Ashok Kamte and Vijay Salaskar were also brave police officers martyred in the same attack, but Karkare was specifically the ATS chief.

Tantia Tope was the commander-in-chief of Nana Saheb's forces and a key leader of the 1857 revolt. He was eventually captured in 1859, tried for treason, and hanged by the British.

Shah Nawaz Khan was a prominent officer in the Indian National Army (INA) led by Subhas Chandra Bose. He was one of the three INA commanders tried at the Red Fort trials.

Ranbir Singh Hooda was indeed Bhupinder Singh Hooda's father, a former parliamentarian, and at his death was among the last surviving members of the Constituent Assembly. All three statements in options A, B, and C are correct.

The Civil Disobedience Movement was launched in 1930 under Mahatma Gandhi's leadership. Lord Irwin (Viceroy and Governor-General of India from 1926-1931) was the British representative during this movement. He later negotiated the Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931.

Lord Wavell, the Viceroy of India from 1943-1947, convened the Simla Conference in June 1945 to discuss constitutional proposals for self-government in India. The conference failed primarily due to disagreement between Congress and the Muslim League over representation. Mountbatten was the last Viceroy (1947), while Wellington was an earlier Viceroy (1931-1936).

On April 8, 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly (now Parliament House) to protest against colonial laws. They deliberately used harmless bombs and courted arrest to make their political point about colonial oppression.

The Dual System of Government (Dual Administration) was established in Bengal by Robert Clive in 1765 after the Battle of Buxar. Under this system, the Company controlled Diwani (revenue collection) while the Nawab retained Nizamat (judicial and executive powers). Warren Hastings later abolished this system.

The Nand Kumar case (1775) was a controversial trial where Nand Kumar was executed on charges of forgery. Warren Hastings was denounced and criticized for his role in this case, which was seen as using judicial power for personal revenge. Wellesley, Cornwallis, and Dalhousie were not involved in this case.

Lord Canning was the Governor General of India during the 1857 revolt (he served from 1856-1862). The revolt began in May 1857 and Canning faced the full force of the rebellion, eventually suppressing it and earning the nickname 'Canning the Clemency' for his moderate policies afterward.

Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India from 1899-1905, ordered the partition of Bengal in 1905 into East and West Bengal provinces. This divisive administrative decision was seen as an attempt to split Bengali-speaking populations along religious lines and weaken nationalist sentiment, triggering massive protests and the Swadeshi movement.

Lord William Bentinck, the Governor-General of India (1828-1835), declared Sati Pratha illegal through Regulation XVII in 1829. This social reform abolished the practice of widow immolation. Dalhousie, Canning, and Cornwallis were his predecessors/successors but did not abolish Sati.

Baldev Singh became India's first Defence Minister in 1947 under Prime Minister Nehru. Sardar Patel was Home Minister, Swaran Singh served later as Foreign Minister, and 'None of these' is incorrect. Baldev Singh played a crucial role during the 1947 Kashmir conflict and partition.

Ashtapradhan was the eight-member council of ministers established by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj to administer his Maratha Empire efficiently. It included roles like Peshwa (Prime Minister), Senapati (military commander), and others, each with specific responsibilities.