Modern Indian Historical Figures

Lord Ripon, as Viceroy of India (1880-1884), introduced the Local Self-Government Act of 1882, which established elected local boards and municipal councils. This landmark reform created grassroots democratic institutions and is often considered the foundation of local governance in modern India, preceding the later constitutional reforms.

Lord Mountbatten served as the first Governor-General of independent India from August 1947 to June 1948 before C. Rajagopalachari took over as the first and last Indian Governor-General.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is called the 'Bismarck of India' because he unified over 500 princely states into the Indian Union, just as Bismarck unified German states through 'blood and iron'. Patel used diplomacy, military pressure, and persuasion to integrate princely states like Junagadh, Hyderabad, and Kashmir. The comparison specifically refers to their role in political unification of fragmented territories.

Udham Singh (also spelled Uddham Singh) assassinated General Dyer in London in 1940 to avenge the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919 where Dyer ordered troops to fire on unarmed civilians. Singh waited 21 years for this revenge and was subsequently hanged. Other options were important revolutionaries but not connected to this specific assassination.

Lord William Bentinck (1828-1835) reorganized and modernized the Indian Civil Service, making it more efficient and meritocratic. He introduced regulations against corruption and established a more structured administration. While Cornwallis started the civil service, Bentinck is credited with organizing it into a proper system with better recruitment and administrative procedures.

Tukaram Ombale was the ASI who single-handedly caught Ajmal Kasab at CST station during the 26/11 attacks. Hemant Karkare was martyred earlier at Chowpatti. Gajendra Singh was NSG, and Unnikrishnan was Army.

C. Rajagopalachari (Chakravarti Rajagopalachari) was the first Indian and the last Governor General of independent India, serving from 1948 until the office was abolished in 1950.

Lord Mountbatten served as the last Viceroy of India from 1947 until independence. He oversaw the transfer of power and the partition process. Lord Canning was the first Viceroy, while Lord Ripon and Lord Hardinge held the position earlier in British rule.

Correct answer is (1). 

Clement Attlee was the Prime Minister of England when India gained independence in August 1947. He led the Labour Party government that approved the Indian Independence Act. Lord Mountbatten was the last Viceroy, not PM.

Nawanshahar district in Punjab was renamed Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar in memory of the freedom fighter Bhagat Singh. Bhagat Singh was a revolutionary socialist from Punjab executed in 1931.

 The first Indian to be decorated with the rank of Field Marshal was General Sam Manekshaw.

Lord Hardinge (Charles Hardinge) was the Viceroy of India who shifted the capital from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911. The decision was announced at the Delhi Durbar to commemorate the coronation of King George V, and the capital was officially relocated in 1931.

Ibrahim Khan Gardi was a skilled artillery commander who served in the Maratha army. He was a key military officer under Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao and fought bravely in the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761. Options A, B, and D refer to different rulers.