Modern Indian Historical Figures

Lord Canning was the last Governor General of India (1856-1862) and became the first Viceroy of India after the 1857 revolt. The title changed from Governor General to Viceroy in 1858.

The Doctrine of Lapse was introduced by Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856). It allowed the British to annex any princely state where the ruler died without a natural male heir.

Captain Mohan Singh founded the Indian National Army (INA) in 1942 with Japanese support. However, the INA became famous under Subhas Chandra Bose who took over in 1943. The question asks who FOUNDED it, not who led it.

Lord Mountbatten was the last Viceroy of British India (1947-1948) and also the first Governor General of independent India. He oversaw the partition and transfer of power in 1947.

Lord Mountbatten served as the last Viceroy of British India and became the first Governor-General of independent India after the transfer of power on August 15, 1947. He held this position until June 1948 when C. Rajagopalachari took over. Lord Wavell was the Viceroy before Mountbatten, while Lord Willington and Lord Irwin held office in the 1930s and early 1930s respectively.

Lord Canning became the first Viceroy of India in 1858 after the Government of India Act was passed following the Revolt of 1857. The title 'Viceroy' replaced 'Governor-General' to represent the British Crown rather than the East India Company. Lord Elgin (1862-1863), Lord Lawrence (1864-1869), and Lord Lytton (1876-1880) all served as Viceroys later in British India.

 Lord Irwin was the Viceroy of India when Simon Commission visited India

The Subsidiary Alliance system was introduced by Lord Wellesley (1798-1805) to bring Indian princely states under British control without direct military confrontation. Under this system, Indian rulers had to accept British forces in their territory and maintain a British resident at their court, in exchange for British 'protection'. This policy greatly expanded British influence in India.

Robert Clive recaptured Calcutta from Siraj-ud-daulah in January 1757, which ultimately led to the decisive Battle of Plassey later that year. This marked the beginning of British political and military dominance in Bengal.

Akbar abolished the discriminatory 'Pilgrim Tax' (jazia) in 1564 as part of his policy of religious tolerance and integration. This tax was traditionally levied on non-Muslims (mainly Hindus) for practicing their religion and undertaking pilgrimages.

Begum Hazarat Mahal was the wife of Wajid Ali Shah, the Nawab of Awadh. After the British annexed Awadh in 1856, she led the revolt from Lucknow during the 1857 uprising and declared her son as the ruler. Nana Sahib led from Kanpur, Tatya Tope was a military leader in central India, and Bahadur Khan led in Bareilly.

Khan Bahadur Khan was the leader at Bareilly during the First War of Indian Independence in 1857. He led the revolt in Bareilly and surrounding areas against British rule. Tafajjul Hussain and other named individuals were not the primary leaders of the Bareilly uprising.

Lala Lajpat Rai was famously called 'Lion of Punjab' for his fierce nationalism and leadership in the Indian independence movement. He was part of the Lal-Bal-Pal trio (with Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal). Bhagat Singh revered him and sought revenge for his death after police brutality.

C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) was the only Indian to serve as Governor General of independent India from 1948-1950. He was the last Governor General before the office was replaced by the President of India when India became a Republic in 1950.

Lord Mountbatten served as the last Viceroy of India from 1947-1948 and oversaw the partition of India. He remained as the first Governor-General of independent India until 1948. Lord Wavell preceded him as Viceroy, Lord Canning was the first Viceroy, and Robert Clive was an earlier colonial administrator in the 1700s.