Modern Indian Historical Figures

Lord Lytton (Viceroy 1876-1880) organized the 1877 Delhi Durbar where Queen Victoria was proclaimed 'Kaiser-i-Hind' (Empress of India). This grand ceremony was held to formally announce her new imperial title.

Sir Osborne Smith served as the first Governor of the Reserve Bank of India from 1935-1937. Sir C.D. Deshmukh was a later governor (1943-1949), while James Taylor was never RBI Governor.

Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Settlement in Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha in 1793. This system fixed the land revenue to be paid by zamindars to the British East India Company in perpetuity.

The Zabt (or Zapti) system was introduced by Akbar as part of his administrative reforms, implemented by his finance minister Todar Mal. Under this system, land was surveyed and categorized based on soil fertility and crops cultivated, with fixed revenue demand in cash. This system brought predictability and stability to revenue collection, enhancing agricultural productivity and state revenue.

K.M. Cariappa was the second person to be conferred the rank of Field Marshal in the Indian Army in 1986. Sam Manekshaw was the first to receive this rank in 1973. Cariappa was also the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is often called the Bismarck of India because he played a crucial role in the political integration of India. This is similar to Otto von Bismarck, who unified the various German states into a single empire.

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on March 5, 1931, between Mahatma Gandhi and the Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin. As part of the agreement, the British government agreed to release political prisoners who had not been convicted of violence. This pact also led to the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

In the Interim Government of 1946, Baldev Singh was appointed as the Defence Member. Vallabhbhai Patel held the Home portfolio, and Jagjivan Ram held the Labour portfolio.

Correct Answer: Sikander Hayat Khan

The three officers tried in the first INA trial at the Red Fort were G.S. Dhillon, P.K. Sahgal, and Shah Nawaz Khan. Abdur Rashid was tried in a separate, later trial.

Lord Willingdon adopted a policy of severe repression against the Indian National Congress after the failure of the Second Round Table Conference. He banned the party and its affiliated organizations, leading to the arrest of over 120,000 people. This was one of the most intense periods of British crackdown on the nationalist movement.

In 1651, Prince Shuja, the governor of Bengal, granted the English the privilege of trading in Bengal in return for a fixed annual payment of Rs. 3,000, known as the 'Nishan'.

Sir Hugh Rose was the British commander who led the campaign in Central India and laid siege to Jhansi in March 1858 during the 1857 revolt.

Dewan Velu Thampi of Travancore led a revolt against the British in 1809. After his death, the British displayed his body publicly on a gibbet to terrorize the local population and discourage further resistance.

Mangal Pandey is widely recognized as the soldier whose actions in Barrackpore triggered the initial phase of the 1857 Indian Rebellion. Rani of Jhansi and Bahadur Shah were key leaders, but they emerged later in the conflict.