Mental Health and Disorders

Surprise is not considered a basic emotion according to evolutionary psychologists. Basic emotions are those that are thought to be universal across cultures and that have a clear evolutionary function. Surprise, on the other hand, is a more complex emotion that is thought to be learned rather than innate.

Fear is associated with the fight-or-flight response. This response is a physiological reaction to a perceived threat that prepares the body to either fight or flee. Fear motivates us to take action to protect ourselves from danger.

Love is associated with the tend-and-befriend response. This response is a physiological reaction to a perceived threat that motivates us to care for others and to seek social support. Love helps us to build and maintain relationships that are essential for our survival and reproduction.

Disgust is associated with the conservation-withdrawal response. This response is a physiological reaction to a perceived threat that motivates us to avoid or withdraw from something that is harmful or unpleasant. Disgust helps us to protect ourselves from contamination and disease.

Lust is associated with the reproductive response. This response is a physiological reaction to a perceived opportunity for mating. Lust motivates us to seek out and engage in sexual activity, which is essential for our reproduction.

Care is associated with the nurturance response. This response is a physiological reaction to the presence of a child or other dependent person. Care motivates us to provide care and protection for others, which is essential for the survival of our offspring.

Pride is associated with the dominance response. This response is a physiological reaction to a perceived victory or achievement. Pride motivates us to seek out and maintain status and power, which is essential for our survival and reproduction.

Shame is associated with the submission response. This response is a physiological reaction to a perceived defeat or failure. Shame motivates us to avoid or withdraw from situations that are likely to lead to further defeat or failure.

Sadness is associated with the grief response. This response is a physiological reaction to the loss of a loved one or other significant person. Sadness motivates us to withdraw from social interaction and to reflect on our loss.

Remorse is associated with the guilt response. This response is a physiological reaction to a perceived wrongdoing. Remorse motivates us to make amends for our mistakes and to avoid similar mistakes in the future.

Humiliation is associated with the shame response. This response is a physiological reaction to a perceived public failure or disgrace. Shame motivates us to hide our faces and to avoid social interaction.

Disdain is associated with the contempt response. This response is a physiological reaction to a perceived inferior person or thing. Contempt motivates us to avoid or reject the person or thing that we find contemptible.

Jealousy is associated with the envy response. This response is a physiological reaction to a perceived advantage that someone else has. Envy motivates us to try to obtain the same advantage for ourselves.

Cultural psychology, transcultural psychiatry, and ethnopsychiatry are all terms used to describe the study of the relationship between culture and mental health.

Positive life experiences are not a risk factor for the development of mental disorders. In fact, they can help to protect against the development of mental disorders.