Medieval and Modern Indian History

One of the causes of English success was their naval supremacy. on account of this, the English could send help to India whenever it was required. There was none to check them on the way, It was this factor that cut off the link between the French, possession in India and France.

Britain was commercially superior and the Brtish in India were supported by the Home Government. There was full cooperation among the British officers. The mistakes committed by Count- de- Lally enabled the British to capture Madras. The British could concentrate on wars as there was peace in England while the French were too busy fighting wars in Europe. 

The main reason for British success was the Naval supremacy. The British navy was far superior to its French counterpart. The British received a steady supply of arms and resources directly from their naval base in Bombay. The French were always at a disadvantage due to the fact that their base was in Mauritius which led to a considerable delay for the French.

The conflict arose from multiple factors, including the Guru's rejection of idol worship, his military organization, and his adoption of royal symbols, which challenged the authority of local hill rajas like Bhim Chand.

Guru Gobind Singh sent Banda Singh Bahadur to Punjab to lead the struggle against the Mughal authorities and avenge the atrocities committed against the Sikhs.

Following the battle of Anandpur in 1701, the Guru moved to Nirmoh to continue his resistance against the hill rajas.

The battle of Bhangani was triggered by a dispute over the passage of a marriage procession involving Bhim Chand's son, which the Guru's followers blocked.

The treaty of Purandhar was signed between the Rajput ruler Jai Singh I, who was commander of the Mughal Empire, and Shivaji Maharaj. Raja Jai Singh beseiged the Purandhar fort and Shivaji was forced to sign the treaty so as to protect his empire from damage that would have occurred in case of war with the Mughals.

Shivaji Maharaj founded Swaraj. He had himself crowned after the coronation Maharaj accomplished 'Dakshin Digvijay', the conquest of the South.

In 1663, Shivaji Maharaj conducted a daring night raid on the camp of Shaista Khan, who was stationed in Poona (Pune).

The Arab invasion in Sind region was a great historical moment which brought social and economic development in the tribal region of Sind. The law and order was established. Peace and culture was developed. Education was spread. Trade with the Arab countries was set .The people of Sind adopted Islamic culture. The Brahmins were given respect and they were free to follow Hinduism. A mix culture was spread which was known as Sindhi culture.

During the last quarter of the 12th century Mohammed Ghori, who was ruling a kingdom in Afghanistan, invaded India and secured the provinces of Sindh and Punjab. When he made further advances into Indian territories, Prithviraj Chauhan, the king of Delhi and Ajmer, routed him in a battle. However, Mohammad was spared from death penalty. The very next year Mohammad came to India and fought with Prithviraj and defeated him. Mohammad ordered him to be killed. Delhi came under the control of Mohammad Ghori. Before returning to Afghanistan he transferred the conquered territories to his general by name Qutubuddin Aibak. Aibak started ruling as the sultan of Delhi.

During the last quarter of the 12th century Mohammed Ghori, who was ruling a kingdom in Afghanistan, invaded India and secured the provinces of Sindh and Punjab. When he made further advances into Indian territories, Prithviraj Chauhan, the king of Delhi and Ajmer, routed him in a battle. However, Mohammad was spared from death penalty. The very next year Mohammad came to India and fought with Prithviraj and defeated him. Mohammad ordered him to be killed. Delhi came under the control of Mohammad Ghori. Before returning to Afghanistan he transferred the conquered territories to his general by name Qutubuddin Aibak. Aibak started ruling as the sultan of Delhi.

The first invasion of Muhammad Ghori was in 1175 in Multan. He got a victory in his first invasion.

The Arabs were the first to invade the Indian territories. They invaded Sindh in 712 CE. As a result of their victory, the provinces of Sindh and Multan came under their control. With this, the Islam started taking roots in the newly conquered lands. However, the Arab aggression soon decelerated.