Medieval and Modern Indian History

Indian troops were deployed to several theaters during World War I, most notably on the Western Front in France and Belgium, as well as in Mesopotamia and East Africa.

The territorial dispute over the region of Kashmir has been the primary cause of multiple wars and ongoing tensions between India and Pakistan since 1947.

The East India Company was a commercial entity that gradually expanded its influence and military power, eventually establishing British colonial rule over the Indian subcontinent.

During British colonial rule, the divide-and-rule policy and various political tensions exacerbated conflicts between the Hindu and Muslim populations, eventually leading to the Partition of India.

The British rule in India from 1858 to 1947 is commonly referred to as the British Raj.

The rulers of janapadas were engaged in building forts, maintaining huge armies for the protection of their territory and the subjects. They needed more resources which could be obtained from taxes. Crafts persons, farmers, hunter-gatherers, herders were liable to pay these taxes in one form or the other.

The main cause of the Amarasulya revolt that took place in 1837 was due to change in the land revenue. Amarasulya was detached from Kodagu in 1834 and added to South Canara. There after, unlike the other Rajas where tax used to paid based on the harvest, the British charged a fixed tax. In 1837, the farmers had difficulty paying the taxes. This ultimately led to the revolt.

The districts of Belagavi division have played a prominent role in the Indian freedom movement. Rani Chennamma of Kittur fought against the British in 1824 CE. This is a historical incident. Sangolli Rayannas struggle is an unforgettable one.

Aparampara and Kalyanaswamy were two monks who led the revolts between the years 1835 and 1837. They are the two outstanding sons of Kodagu.

 After the decline of Vijayanagara the Bedanayaka paleyagars became dominant in Hyderabad-Karnataka. They were brave warriors. After 1800, they revolted against the British several times.

The Maratha administration under the Peshwas functioned as a confederacy (often referred to as a Mandala or Sangha), where various Maratha chiefs held significant autonomy while nominally acknowledging the Peshwa's leadership.

The First Battle of Panipat in 1526 was fought between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi, marking the beginning of the Mughal Empire.

Shivaji Maharaj established the Maratha kingdom by challenging and capturing territories from both the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur and the Mughal Empire.

The Marathas asserted their political importance during 700 and 1750 CE period. Chatrapati Shivaji directly challenged the Mughal supremacy.

Shivaji started his conquest in 1646 A.D by conquering the fort of Torna.
In 1646 due to serious illness of the Sultan of Bijapur and the consequent disorders in his kingdom gave Shivaji much desired opportunity and he captured the fort of Torna.