Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

3,323 Questions

The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

Agnatha or Cyclostomata are characterised by

  1. Absence of jaws and presence of suctorial mouth.

  2. Presence of suctorial mouth, the absence of jaws, the presence of single nostril and unpaired fins.

  3. Absence of mouth, presence of single nostril.

  4. Round mouth with triradiate lips.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Agnatha is a paraphyletic super class of jawless fish. It includes class Cyclostomata and an extinct class Ostracodermi. Characteristics of fishes of Agnatha are:
  • They are jawless.
  • They have a single median nostril.
  • Their mouth is suctorial and circular.
  • Body is elongated but no paired appendages or fins are present i.e. fins are unpaired.
Hence, statement B is correct. So, the correct answer is 'Presence of suctorial mouth, absence of jaws, presence of single nostril and unpaired fins'.
Multiple choice biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

Unpaired external naris occurs in

  1. Petromyzon

  2. Torpedo

  3. Anabas

  4. Solea
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A. Petromyzon, known as Lamprey, belong to class Cyclostomata under superclass Agnatha (jawless vertebrates).
B. Torpedo, known as an electric ray, is a bottom-living marine fish which is famous for discharging electricity.
C. Anabas, known as climbing perch is a common freshwater fish that can also live out of water for some time.
D. Solea, known as a common sole, is a flatfish that is prized for food.
Unpaired external naris (nostrils) occur in Petromyzon. So, the correct answer is 'Petromyzon'.
Multiple choice biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

Find out the correct match in the three columns.

  1. Adamsia - Radially symmetrical - Porifera

  2. Petromyzon - Ectoparasite - Cyclostomata

  3. Ichthyophis - Terrestrial - Reptilia

  4. Isimutus - Body covered by chitinous exoskeleton - Pisces
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Petromyzon is an ectoparasite and belongs to the class Cyclostomata. Adamsia is Cnidaria, Ichthyophis is Amphibia, and Isimutus is not a standard biological name.

Multiple choice biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

Scales in Cyclostomata are

  1. Cycloid type

  2. Ctenoid type

  3. Placoid type

  4. Absent
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The class Cyclostomata is characterized by circular mouth without jaws. They have retractable horny teeth. Also, the scales and fins are absent in these members of the class. They are ectoparasites and don't have mucus glands on their skin.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

First vertebrates animals belongs to class

  1. Ostracodermi

  2. Cyclostomata

  3. Placodermi

  4. Osteichthyes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Ostracoderms refers to the armored jawless fishes of the Paleozoic era. They lived in what is now North America, Europe, and Russia from the Middle Silurian to Upper Devonian. They were the first fish to use gills just for respiration. This is the first class of vertebrates. 

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

The chordates without jaw are placed in

  1. Agnathostomes

  2. Gnathosomes

  3. Vertebrates

  4. Euchordates
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Agnatha which means 'no jaws' is a superclass of jawless fish in the phylum Chordata, consisting of both present (cyclostomes) and extinct species like ostracoderms. The body is covered in skin, with neither dermal or epidermal scales. Hagfish and Lampreys are a very common example. 

So, the correct answer is options A.

Multiple choice biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

1) The body is long, eel like. It shows trunk and compressed tail.
2) Paired fins are absent. Median fin is supported by cartilaginous fin-rays.
3) The skin is soft and smooth. It is slimy. It has scale less.
4) Z shaped myomeres are present in the trunk and tail protractor and retractor muscles move the tongue.
5) In this group, a true coelome is seen.
These characteristics are seen in the class

  1. Cyclostomata

  2. Pisces

  3. Reptilia

  4. Aves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Cyclostomes' are jawless vertebrates, They are primitive vertebrates. The cyclostomes are marine or fresh-water vertebrates.

It includes the lampreys and hag fishes.
1) The body is long, eel like. It shows trunk and compressed tail.
2) Paired fins are absent. Median fin is supported by cartilaginous fin-rays.
3) The skin Is soft and smooth. It is slimy. It as scale less.
4) Z shaped myomeres are present in the trunk and tail Protractor and retractor muscles move the tongue.
5) In this group, a true coelome is seen.
6) These vertebrates will not have jaws, hence called Agnatha.
7) The mouth is circular. It works like a sucker. It is surrounded by tentacles.
8) Tongue bears teeth.
9) Stomach is absent and oesophagus leads into the intestine.
10) Endoskeleton is present.
11) Skull is simple and primitive.
12) Notochord presists throughout life.
13) Vertebrae are represented by neural arches, around the notochord.
14) Five to sixteen pairs of gills are present in sac like pouches
15) The heart is two chambered. Sinus venousus is present, but conus arterlcsus is absent.
16) Blood contains leucocytes and Irregular nucleated erythrocytes..
17) Brain is seen.
18) Ten pairs or less number of cranial nerves are present.
19) Nasal sac is single and median.
20) Lateral line sense organ is present.
21) Excretory system includes a pair of mesonephric kidneys.
22) Sexes are separate.
23) Gonad is single and without a gonoduct.
24) Development may be direct or with a long larval stage.
Multiple choice biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

Jawless circular and suctorial mouth are characteristic feature of 

  1. Agnathe animals

  2. Gnathostomes

  3. Cyclostomes animals

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The subphylum vertebrae are  classified into Agnatha or Agnathostomata- includes vertebrates without jaws. Further, this group has only one class the Cyclostomata. The Cyclostomes are jawless vertebrates with a circular mouth and suctorial funnel.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

Which of the following are jawless animals?

  1. Gnathostomata

  2. Agnatha

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Agnatha is a superclass of jawless fishes in the phylum Chordata. These are ectothermic, meaning they do not regulate their own body temperature. They show slow metabolism in cold water. They do not have a proper stomach rather they have a long homogenous gut.
So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

Pancreas is absent in

  1. Amphibia

  2. Osteichthyes

  3. Chondrichthyes

  4. Cyclostomata
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. Amphibians are the cold-blooded, freshwater vertebrates which can live both on land and in water.
B. Osteichthyes is the class of bony fishes which include lungfishes, ray-finned fishes and lobe-finned fishes.
C. Chondrichthyes is a class of Cartilaginous fishes which include sharks, rays and Chimaeras.
D. Cyclostomata is a class of round mouthed fishes under the superclass Agnatha which is known as Jawless vertebrates. The digestive system of Cyclostomata lacks stomach and pancreas.
So, the correct answer is 'Cyclostomata'.
Multiple choice zoology nervous system nervous systems involved in emotions types of nervous system components of nervous system

Organism that can respond to stimuli are 

  1. Eukaryotes only

  2. Prokaaryotes only
  3. Both $(i)$ and $(ii)$

  4. Those with a well developed nervous system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All living organism need to respond to change in their environment. They respond to stimuli after this detection takes place. 

Stimulus > detection> coordination> response. 
Receptors are specialized cells that detect a stimulus. Their job is to convert the stimulus into electrical signals in nerve cells.

So the correct option is " Those with a well developed nervous system". 

Multiple choice evs - i busy at work - our internal organs human lymphatic system lymph and its function lymph and tissue fluid

Consider the following statements.
1. Heart is three-chambered in fishes.
2. Heart is four-chambered in birds.
3. All animals of class Amphibia are characterized by two pairs of limbs.
4. All reptiles respire by lungs only.
Which of the above statements given are correct?

  1. 1, 2, 3 and 4

  2. 1 and 3

  3. 2 and 4

  4. 2, 3 and 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Multiple choice evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

Nephridia are the excretory organ of ___________.

  1. Protozoans

  2. Coelenterates

  3. Flatworms

  4. Annelids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Nephridia: a tubule open to the exterior which acts as an organ of excretion or osmoregulation. It typically has ciliated or flagellated cells and absorptive walls. Nephridia remove metabolic wastes from an animal's body. They are present in many different invertebrate lines. There are two basic types, metanephridia and protonephridia, but there are other types. A metanephridium is a type of excretory gland found in many types of invertebrates such as annelids, arthropods and Mollusca.

So, the correct answer is 'Annelids'.