Biology · Science General

Diversity in Living Organisms

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The diversity in living organisms deals with the classification of life forms into various kingdoms and phyla. This topic covers specific traits of bacteria, animal body cavities, and structural adaptations for survival. These fundamentals are crucial for biology sections in medical entrance and state board exams.

Animal phyla characteristicsBacteria and flagellaBiological adaptationsKingdom Animalia classificationBody cavity typesExtinct organism subphylaJawless animals identification

Diversity in Living Organisms Questions

Multiple choice biology living world and classification of microbes pathogen and their mode of transmission economic importance of bacteria and fungi diseases and immunity five kingdoms of living organisms

Exoskeleton of coelenterates is

  1. Siliceous

  2. Chitinous

  3. Calcareous

  4. Both B and C.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Coelenterates (Cnidarians) like corals often produce a calcareous exoskeleton. Some species also have chitinous components in their structure.

Multiple choice biology living world and classification of microbes pathogen and their mode of transmission economic importance of bacteria and fungi diseases and immunity five kingdoms of living organisms

Which of the following kingdom includes Amoeba?

  1. Porifera

  2. Protozoa

  3. Platyhelminthes

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The kingdom protozoa include single-celled eukaryotic organisms. Amoeba is a single-celled eukaryotic organism that has no definite shape and that moves by means of pseudopodia. As amoeba is single-celled eukaryotic organism it is placed is kingdom Protozoa.
So, the correct answer is 'Protozoa'.
Multiple choice biology living world and classification of microbes pathogen and their mode of transmission economic importance of bacteria and fungi diseases and immunity five kingdoms of living organisms

Which motile-stage of protozoa is helpful in feeding?

  1. Pseudopodium

  2. Cilia

  3. Flagella

  4. Tentacles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pseudopodia (false feet) are extensions of the cytoplasm used by amoeboid protozoa for both locomotion and engulfing food particles (phagocytosis).

Multiple choice biology living world and classification of microbes pathogen and their mode of transmission economic importance of bacteria and fungi diseases and immunity five kingdoms of living organisms

Wheel animalcules are

  1. Coelenterates

  2. Echinoderms

  3. Rotifers

  4. Protozoans
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Animalcule is an older term for a microscopic animal or protozoan.
  • Rotifers are microscopic and free-living microscopic or near-microscopic pseudocoelomate animals belonging to the phylum Rotifera.
  • 90% of rotifers inhabit freshwater habitat but some live in brackish water and few in the ocean.
  • Rotifers are called wheel animalcules because their corona is composed of several ciliated tufts around the mouth that in motion resemble a wheel.
  • Hence wheel animalcules are Rotifers.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Rotifers'.
Multiple choice biology living world and classification of microbes pathogen and their mode of transmission economic importance of bacteria and fungi diseases and immunity five kingdoms of living organisms

In most simple type of canal system of Porifera, which of the following ways exhibit water flow?

  1. Ostia $\longrightarrow$ Spongocoel $\longrightarrow$ Osculum $\longrightarrow$ Exterior
  2. Spongocoel $\longrightarrow$ Ostia $\longrightarrow$ Osculum $\longrightarrow$ Exterior
  3. Osculum $\longrightarrow$ Spongocoel $\longrightarrow$ Ostia $\longrightarrow$ Exterior
  4. Osculum $\longrightarrow$ Ostia $\longrightarrow$ Spongocoel $\longrightarrow$ Exterior
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The central body cavity of sponges is called spongocoel. Their body is porous. The inhalent pores are called ostia and exhalent pores are known as oscula. The body of a sponge is organised in such a manner as to form a complex system of pores and canals. This system is called canal system. Water flows In through ostia to spongocoel and comes out to exterior via osculum. The continuous water current flowing through the canal system is very important for the life of a sponge. It brings in food and oxygen and canes away carbon dioxide, nitrogenous wastes and reproductive bodies. Thus, the canal system helps the sponge in nutrition, respiration, excretion and reproduction. So, the correct answer is 'Ostia $\longrightarrow$ Spongocoel $\longrightarrow$ Osculum $\longrightarrow$ Exterior'.
Multiple choice biology living world and classification of microbes pathogen and their mode of transmission economic importance of bacteria and fungi diseases and immunity five kingdoms of living organisms

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Which of the following is the most accurate general description of the kingdom Protista?

  1. Eukaryotic, photosynthetic or heterotrophic organisms that inhabit moist environments, form resistant cysts, and reproduce with flagellated gametes

  2. Relatively simple versions of plants, animals and fungi

  3. Eukaryotic, unicellular organisms that may be photosynthetic or heterotrophic

  4. Eukaryotic, heterotrophic and/or photosynthetic, unicellular or simple multicellular organisms, which are different enough from multicellular plants, fungi, or animals to be placed in this diverse group
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Kingdom Protista is a group in of eukaryotic organisms which have a true nucleus, they are usually unicellular and the cells of these organisms contain nucleus which is bound to the organelle,  algae are one of the classifications of protista which are photosynthetic organisms that are mostly found in freshwater sources or marine lakes. Protists are heterotrophic organism & on the other hand, has to acquire nutrition from other organisms such as plants or animals to survive.

So, the correct option is 'Eukaryotic, unicellular organisms that may be photosynthetic or heterotrophic'.

Multiple choice zoology variation examples of natural selection selection natural selection

The species which were not able to adapt to their environments through genetic changes to their skeletons were not able to survive. The given statement is an example of 

  1. Skeletal Adaptations

  2. Coloration

  3. Physiological adaptations

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The given adaptation in lizard is an example of skeletal adaptation of natural selection. According to this adaptation, the individual who didn't develop the skeletal changes died. This type of adaptation can be seen in some species (lizards, giraffes) of animals who adapted themselves to the environment through genetic changes in their skeletons. For example, development of long neck in giraffes to reach food sources of the upper part of the trees. It is said that those died who didn't develop the long neck. Another example is development of longer leg bones in lizards to help them to climb up during periods of flood and to escape predators in the ground. Those lizards who didn't develop long leg bones, died. So, the correct option is A.

Multiple choice zoology variation examples of natural selection selection natural selection

Read the passage and answer the following question.

A total of 12 bird species having distinct diets, behavior, coloration and beak shapes inhabit a large volcanic island in the South Atlantic 500 miles from the Coast of Africa not found on the mainland. Two species are flightless herbivores. A bird found on the mainland is related to these bird species but it does not fly over water but can occasionally survive at sea in a storm. There are no reptiles, mammals or amphibians on the island, although there are many insect and plant species.

The evolution of two flightless bird species on the island indicates

  1. Flight improved the ability of the species to escape predators, but impaired food gathering on the ground.

  2. Flight originally evolved only to escape predators.

  3. Mimicry is a highly effective evolutionary strategy.

  4. The species had greater fitness without the ability to fly.

  5. Flight is not an effective means to escape predators.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

According to Charles Darwin, Natural selection is a tool of nature to impose the survival of the fittest. As some species fight to become the fittest, they adapt. Many organisms due to this, evolved, got adapted as they chose to survive in that habitat. Adaptation is the biggest drive to evolution and the pinpointed conclusion of the natural selection. 

So, the correct option is 'The species had greater fitness without the ability to fly'.

Multiple choice zoology variation examples of natural selection selection natural selection

Read the passage and answer the following question.

A total of 12 bird species having distinct diets, behavior, coloration and beak shapes inhabit a large volcanic island in the South Atlantic 500 miles from the Coast of Africa not found on the mainland. Two species are flightless herbivores. A bird found on the mainland is related to these bird species but it does not fly over water but can occasionally survive at sea in a storm. There are no reptiles, mammals or amphibians on the island, although there are many insect and plant species.

Two of the bird species on the island are herbivores that both inhabit the same species of tree and eat the fruit the tree produces year-round. Which of the following helps both species to inhabit the tree without competing for resources?

  1. One species lives in the top 30 percent of the tree and the other species lives in the lower 70 percent.

  2. One species is nocturnal and the other is active during the day.

  3. Reproductive isolation exists.

  4. The species have differing beak shapes.

  5. One species must become extinct.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This phenomenon is called Resource partitioning. When the resources in a niche are limited, so as to avoid the competition species divide the resources accordingly.

According to R* rule of limited resources of ecology, If two species are living in a resource limiting space, the species which can survive in the lowest equilibrium of resource will only resist the extinction. Coexistence is only possible if each species have the low R* on that resource.
So, the answer is 'One species lives in the top 30 percent of the tree and the other species lives in the lower 70 percent'.

Multiple choice zoology allergy immunity related disorders and problems antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Which of the following phyla contains members that are notorious for causing serious diseases in humans?

  1. Cnidarians

  2. Segmented worms

  3. Flatworms

  4. Chordates
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Flatworms are generally parasitic in nature and feed on the host organism's nutrition often causing disorders as a consequence. When it comes to parasitic infection, flatworms and roundworms are likely culprits. These two types of parasitic worms can be found in a variety of habitats. They aren't always visible to the naked eye. Tapeworms and flukes cause diseases in humans and their livestock, whilst monogeneans can cause serious losses of stocks in fish farms. Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever, is the second most devastating parasitic disease in tropical countries, behind malaria.

So, the correct option is, 'Flatworms'.

Multiple choice zoology allergy immunity related disorders and problems antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Which of the following combinations of phyla and characteristics is incorrect?

  1. Nematodaround worms, pseudocoelomate

  2. Cnidariaradial symmetry, polyp and medusa body forms

  3. Platyhelminthesflatworms, gastrovascular cavity, acoelomate

  4. Poriferagastrovascular cavity, mouth from blastopore
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The nematodes or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda and have a pseudocoelom and complete digestive system. The partial, fluid-filled cavity inside the body of some invertebrates. Cnidarians have two different body plans. Both body plans have radial symmetry. A polyp, such as a hydra, sea anemone, or coral, is shaped something like a vase. Platyhelminthes, a group of soft-bodied, usually much flattened invertebrates and have cavity only one opening to the outside which, in most cnidarians, is surrounded by tentacles for capturing prey. But Porifera does not have a gastrovascular cavity as it does not have specialized tissues and phyla with a true coelom and digestive system. The protostomes include the phyla Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda but not porifera. 

So, the correct option is, 'Porifera gastrovascular cavity, mouth from blastopore'.

Multiple choice zoology asexual reproduction earthworm - reproductive system reproduction in earthworm introduction to reproduction

Stolonic budding is a characteristic of

  1. Porifera and cnidaria

  2. Scyphistoma cnidarians and porifera

  3. Porifera and tunicates

  4. Scyphistoma cnidarians and tunicates
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Sponges and Cnidarians are among the animals, that can reproduce by budding. A small part of the parent's body separates from the rest and develops into a new individual. Sometimes the buds remain attached and become more or less independent members of a colony. In some tunicate colonies, different individuals are connected by root-like structures called stolons. In others, they share body parts, such as their atrial (exhaling) siphon. These tunicates reproduce asexually through budding example Botryllus schlosseri. The scyphistoma reproduces asexually, producing similar polyps by budding, and then either transforming into a medusa or budding several medusae off from its upper surface. The medusae are initially microscopic and may take years to reach sexual maturity. So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology nervous system of man major divisions of nervous system introduction to control and coordination neurons and synapses


Out of the following features which are specific to mammals only?

  1. Corpus callosum

  2. Hairs

  3. Pinna

  4. Homeothermy

  5. Bipedalism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Only mammals have hairs. 
  • The hairs grow from the surface layer of the skin. 
  • Lots of hairs clumped together make up this tiger's fur.  A fur coat helps keep the mammal's body temperature at a constant level. 
  • Hence, Hairs  are specific to mammals only
  • So, the correct answer is 'Hairs'.
Multiple choice zoology nervous system of man major divisions of nervous system introduction to control and coordination neurons and synapses

Which of the following is the most complete list of animals that have both a central nervous system. (CNS) and a peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

  1. Hydra, planarian, earthworm, rabbit, human

  2. Planarian, earthworm, rabbit, human

  3. Earthworm, rabbit, human

  4. Rabbit, human
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The CNS contains the brain and the spinal cord. Everything else but the CNS it is known as the PNS. The PNS contains nerves, which leave the brain and the spinal cord and travel to all the parts of the body.

So, the correct option is 'Earthworm, rabbit, human'.

Multiple choice biology skeleton and movements introduction to locomotion skeleton and joints movement in animals

Select the correct option. 

  1. Locomotion is shown by multi cellular organisms

  2. Paramecium uses tentacles for locomotion

  3. Hydra uses cilia for locomotion

  4. Kangroo cannot walk backward
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • Locomotion is a feature exhibited by both unicellular and multicellular organisms. 
  • Paramecium uses cilia for its locomotion and Hydra uses somersaulting or gliding movement for its locomotion. 
  • Kangaroos can't walk backward. An unusual feature of the kangaroo is that it cannot walk backwards. This is because of its unusually shaped hind legs and bulky tail which can grow up to four feet long.

So the correct option is 'Kangaroo cannot walk backward'.