Law Legal Studies · Civics Polity

Legal Principles and Doctrines

2,539 Questions

Legal principles and doctrines establish the foundational rules of jurisprudence and civil rights. Questions cover constitutional reasonable restrictions, courtroom evidence standards, and property laws. These topics are strictly necessary for law legal studies exams and judicial services prelims.

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Legal Principles and Doctrines Questions

Multiple choice technology

when does ADR occurs for a CASE?

  1. Save and COntinue

  2. Save and Dispatch

  3. Save and Close

  4. Save and Viewdetails
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

ADR (likely Account Data Retrieval or similar business process term) occurs when you select 'Save and Dispatch' for a CASE. This action triggers the automated data retrieval process after saving the case information.

Multiple choice technology mainframe

What is TAR

  1. Terittory altering rules

  2. Tier altering rules

  3. Both

  4. None
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

TAR stands for Tier Altering Rules, which are the business rules that determine how policies are assigned to different tiers based on their scorecard results. 'Territory altering rules' is a plausible distractor but incorrect - territory rules use different terminology and logic in insurance systems.

Multiple choice technology

An Exigent Circumstance is…

  1. A phone call or email from an emergency response or law enforcement agency requesting Microsoft's Assistance

  2. A phone call or email regarding a live site issue that could result in data loss

  3. An incident that involves a non-MOC supported service.

  4. An incident that requires an EMT bridge to be spun up.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

An Exigent Circumstance in Microsoft operations refers to emergency situations requiring immediate action from law enforcement or emergency response agencies. Option A correctly identifies this as a phone call or email requesting Microsoft's assistance. Options B, C, and D describe different scenarios but don't match the standard definition of exigent circumstance.

Multiple choice technology

In OLA Watcher what does a C represent?

  1. A charge is open for this property

  2. A change is open for this property

  3. A case is open for this property

  4. A critical ticket is open for this property
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In OLA Watcher, C represents that a change is open for this property. This indicator is commonly used in IT operations contexts where change management is a critical process requiring visibility and tracking. Option A incorrectly suggests charge, and option C incorrectly suggests case.

Multiple choice technology mainframe

What is TAR

  1. Terittory altering rules

  2. Tier altering rules

  3. Both

  4. None
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

TAR stands for Tier Altering Rules which govern how tiers are modified or altered in insurance rating. Option A incorrectly spells it as 'Terittory' with typos and suggests it refers to territory. TAR is specifically about tier alterations not territory.

Multiple choice technology mainframe

What is TAR

  1. Terittory altering rules

  2. Tier altering rules

  3. Both

  4. None
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

TAR stands for Tier Altering Rules in insurance systems. These rules define how policy tiers can be changed based on various factors. Option A has a typo ('Terittory' instead of 'Territory') and is incorrect. TAR is specifically about tier management, not territory rules.

Multiple choice technology mainframe

What is TAR

  1. Terittory altering rules

  2. Tier altering rules

  3. Both

  4. None
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

TAR stands for Tier Altering Rules, which is a system configuration related to modifying tier structures in the insurance policy system. Option A contains a spelling error ('Terittory' should be 'Territory') and refers to territory instead of tier, which is incorrect.

Multiple choice

Which of these, if true, would weaken the author's contention that cross examination is the best method?

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

It needs but the simple statement of the nature of cross-examination to demonstrate its indispensable character in all trials of questions of fact. No cause reaches the stage of litigation unless there are two sides to it. If the witnesses on one side deny or qualify the statements made by those on the other, which side is telling the truth? Not necessarily which side is offering perjured testimony,--there is far less intentional perjury in the courts than the inexperienced would believe,--but which side is honestly mistaken?--for, on the other hand, evidence itself is far less trustworthy than the public usually realizes. Which side of the opinions are warped by prejudice or blinded by ignorance? Which side has had the power or opportunity for correct observation? How shall we tell and make it apparent to a jury of disinterested men who are to decide between the litigants? Obviously, by means of cross-examination.
If all witnesses had the honesty and intelligence to come forward and scrupulously follow the letter as well as the spirit of the oath, "to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth," and if all advocates on either side had the necessary experience, combined with honesty and intelligence, and were similarly sworn to develop the whole truth and nothing but the truth, of course there would be no occasion for cross-examination, and the occupation of the cross-examiner would be gone. But as yet no substitute has ever been found for cross-examination as a means of separating truth from falsehood, and of reducing exaggerated statements to their true dimensions.
To this day, the account given by Plato of Socrates’ cross-examination of his accuser,
Miletus, while defending himself against the capital charge of corrupting the youth of Athens, may be quoted as a masterpiece in the art of cross-questioning.
Cross-examination is generally considered to be the most difficult branch of the multifarious duties of the advocate. Success in the art, as some- one has said, comes more often to the happy possessor of a genius for it. Great lawyers have often failed lamentably in it, while marvelous success has crowned the efforts of those who might otherwise have been regarded as of a mediocre grade in the profession. Yet personal experience and the emulation of others trained in the art are the surest means of obtaining proficiency in this all-important pre-requisite of a competent trial lawyer.
It requires the greatest ingenuity; a habit of logical thought; clearness of perception in general; infinite patience and self-control; power to read men's minds intuitively, to judge of their characters by their faces, appreciate their motives; ability to act with force and precision; a masterful knowledge of the subject-matter itself; an extreme caution; and, above all, the instinct to discover the weak point in the witness under examination.

  1. Cross examination is a time consuming process and involves a lot of effort.

  2. Cross examination may involve asking some sensitive questions to the witness which he may not answer.

  3. Cross examination can complicate a case and reach a wrong verdict at times.

  4. Cross examination can be used correctly only by those who are experts at it and not by all people.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The passage says that cross examination is the best way to solve a dispute between two parties. If however cross examination can complicate a case and reach a wrong verdict then it is not the best method.

This answer choice is correct. If cross examination leads to a wrong verdict at times, then it is not the best method to solve disputes.

Multiple choice

What is the central point of the passage?

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

It needs but the simple statement of the nature of cross-examination to demonstrate its indispensable character in all trials of questions of fact. No cause reaches the stage of litigation unless there are two sides to it. If the witnesses on one side deny or qualify the statements made by those on the other, which side is telling the truth? Not necessarily which side is offering perjured testimony,--there is far less intentional perjury in the courts than the inexperienced would believe,--but which side is honestly mistaken?--for, on the other hand, evidence itself is far less trustworthy than the public usually realizes. Which side of the opinions are warped by prejudice or blinded by ignorance? Which side has had the power or opportunity for correct observation? How shall we tell and make it apparent to a jury of disinterested men who are to decide between the litigants? Obviously, by means of cross-examination.
If all witnesses had the honesty and intelligence to come forward and scrupulously follow the letter as well as the spirit of the oath, "to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth," and if all advocates on either side had the necessary experience, combined with honesty and intelligence, and were similarly sworn to develop the whole truth and nothing but the truth, of course there would be no occasion for cross-examination, and the occupation of the cross-examiner would be gone. But as yet no substitute has ever been found for cross-examination as a means of separating truth from falsehood, and of reducing exaggerated statements to their true dimensions.
To this day, the account given by Plato of Socrates’ cross-examination of his accuser,
Miletus, while defending himself against the capital charge of corrupting the youth of Athens, may be quoted as a masterpiece in the art of cross-questioning.
Cross-examination is generally considered to be the most difficult branch of the multifarious duties of the advocate. Success in the art, as some- one has said, comes more often to the happy possessor of a genius for it. Great lawyers have often failed lamentably in it, while marvelous success has crowned the efforts of those who might otherwise have been regarded as of a mediocre grade in the profession. Yet personal experience and the emulation of others trained in the art are the surest means of obtaining proficiency in this all-important pre-requisite of a competent trial lawyer.
It requires the greatest ingenuity; a habit of logical thought; clearness of perception in general; infinite patience and self-control; power to read men's minds intuitively, to judge of their characters by their faces, appreciate their motives; ability to act with force and precision; a masterful knowledge of the subject-matter itself; an extreme caution; and, above all, the instinct to discover the weak point in the witness under examination.

  1. A cross questioning need logical thought, patience and self control and is considered difficult for most good lawyers.

  2. Cross questioning needs a quirky mind which sees beyond the obvious.

  3. Cross questioning is the best to arrive at the truth when two sides are in conflict.

  4. Cross questioning is suitable only for those who wish to arrive at the truth.

  5. Cross questioning is a way for every type of lawyer to get to the truth.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The central point of the passage is evident in the first paragraph which says that when there are two parties involved in a conflict the best way to arrive at the truth is by Cross questioning. According to the passage, cross questioning is a technique by which the dispute between two parties can be settled and the truth arrived at.

This answer choice is correct. The passage's main idea (which is stated in the first paragraph) is that cross questioning is the best technique when two sides are in dispute.

Multiple choice

What is the attitude of the author towards 'Cross questioning'?

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

It needs but the simple statement of the nature of cross-examination to demonstrate its indispensable character in all trials of questions of fact. No cause reaches the stage of litigation unless there are two sides to it. If the witnesses on one side deny or qualify the statements made by those on the other, which side is telling the truth? Not necessarily which side is offering perjured testimony,--there is far less intentional perjury in the courts than the inexperienced would believe,--but which side is honestly mistaken?--for, on the other hand, evidence itself is far less trustworthy than the public usually realizes. Which side of the opinions are warped by prejudice or blinded by ignorance? Which side has had the power or opportunity for correct observation? How shall we tell and make it apparent to a jury of disinterested men who are to decide between the litigants? Obviously, by means of cross-examination.
If all witnesses had the honesty and intelligence to come forward and scrupulously follow the letter as well as the spirit of the oath, "to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth," and if all advocates on either side had the necessary experience, combined with honesty and intelligence, and were similarly sworn to develop the whole truth and nothing but the truth, of course there would be no occasion for cross-examination, and the occupation of the cross-examiner would be gone. But as yet no substitute has ever been found for cross-examination as a means of separating truth from falsehood, and of reducing exaggerated statements to their true dimensions.
To this day, the account given by Plato of Socrates’ cross-examination of his accuser,
Miletus, while defending himself against the capital charge of corrupting the youth of Athens, may be quoted as a masterpiece in the art of cross-questioning.
Cross-examination is generally considered to be the most difficult branch of the multifarious duties of the advocate. Success in the art, as some- one has said, comes more often to the happy possessor of a genius for it. Great lawyers have often failed lamentably in it, while marvelous success has crowned the efforts of those who might otherwise have been regarded as of a mediocre grade in the profession. Yet personal experience and the emulation of others trained in the art are the surest means of obtaining proficiency in this all-important pre-requisite of a competent trial lawyer.
It requires the greatest ingenuity; a habit of logical thought; clearness of perception in general; infinite patience and self-control; power to read men's minds intuitively, to judge of their characters by their faces, appreciate their motives; ability to act with force and precision; a masterful knowledge of the subject-matter itself; an extreme caution; and, above all, the instinct to discover the weak point in the witness under examination.

  1. Passionate but reserved

  2. Exhilarated but accurate

  3. Favorable but moderate

  4. Supportive but with limitations
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The author is precise and accurate in his analysis of Cross questioning. He is excited but also very exact in his analysis. He is not extreme in his analysis of 'Cross Examination'. He maintains a balanced approach.

This answer choice is correct. The author exalts cross examination to the level of a genius. He is also pointed and exact in his analysis of 'Cross Examination'.

Multiple choice

Which of these will be a good title for the passage?

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

It needs but the simple statement of the nature of cross-examination to demonstrate its indispensable character in all trials of questions of fact. No cause reaches the stage of litigation unless there are two sides to it. If the witnesses on one side deny or qualify the statements made by those on the other, which side is telling the truth? Not necessarily which side is offering perjured testimony,--there is far less intentional perjury in the courts than the inexperienced would believe,--but which side is honestly mistaken?--for, on the other hand, evidence itself is far less trustworthy than the public usually realizes. Which side of the opinions are warped by prejudice or blinded by ignorance? Which side has had the power or opportunity for correct observation? How shall we tell and make it apparent to a jury of disinterested men who are to decide between the litigants? Obviously, by means of cross-examination.
If all witnesses had the honesty and intelligence to come forward and scrupulously follow the letter as well as the spirit of the oath, "to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth," and if all advocates on either side had the necessary experience, combined with honesty and intelligence, and were similarly sworn to develop the whole truth and nothing but the truth, of course there would be no occasion for cross-examination, and the occupation of the cross-examiner would be gone. But as yet no substitute has ever been found for cross-examination as a means of separating truth from falsehood, and of reducing exaggerated statements to their true dimensions.
To this day, the account given by Plato of Socrates’ cross-examination of his accuser,
Miletus, while defending himself against the capital charge of corrupting the youth of Athens, may be quoted as a masterpiece in the art of cross-questioning.
Cross-examination is generally considered to be the most difficult branch of the multifarious duties of the advocate. Success in the art, as some- one has said, comes more often to the happy possessor of a genius for it. Great lawyers have often failed lamentably in it, while marvelous success has crowned the efforts of those who might otherwise have been regarded as of a mediocre grade in the profession. Yet personal experience and the emulation of others trained in the art are the surest means of obtaining proficiency in this all-important pre-requisite of a competent trial lawyer.
It requires the greatest ingenuity; a habit of logical thought; clearness of perception in general; infinite patience and self-control; power to read men's minds intuitively, to judge of their characters by their faces, appreciate their motives; ability to act with force and precision; a masterful knowledge of the subject-matter itself; an extreme caution; and, above all, the instinct to discover the weak point in the witness under examination.

  1. Requirements of Cross examination

  2. A brief history of Cross Examination and the difficulties associated with it.

  3. The advantages and limitations of Cross Examination.

  4. Examining Cross Examination

  5. No alternative to Cross Examination
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A title should essentially capture what the passage is talking about. From the title a person should be able to get a brief idea about the passage. This passage analyzes cross examination thoroughly from all angles.

This answer choice is correct. The passage undertakes a thorough and careful analysis (examination) of Cross Examination.

Multiple choice

Why does the author give the example of Socrates' cross examination of his accuser?

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

It needs but the simple statement of the nature of cross-examination to demonstrate its indispensable character in all trials of questions of fact. No cause reaches the stage of litigation unless there are two sides to it. If the witnesses on one side deny or qualify the statements made by those on the other, which side is telling the truth? Not necessarily which side is offering perjured testimony,--there is far less intentional perjury in the courts than the inexperienced would believe,--but which side is honestly mistaken?--for, on the other hand, evidence itself is far less trustworthy than the public usually realizes. Which side of the opinions are warped by prejudice or blinded by ignorance? Which side has had the power or opportunity for correct observation? How shall we tell and make it apparent to a jury of disinterested men who are to decide between the litigants? Obviously, by means of cross-examination.
If all witnesses had the honesty and intelligence to come forward and scrupulously follow the letter as well as the spirit of the oath, "to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth," and if all advocates on either side had the necessary experience, combined with honesty and intelligence, and were similarly sworn to develop the whole truth and nothing but the truth, of course there would be no occasion for cross-examination, and the occupation of the cross-examiner would be gone. But as yet no substitute has ever been found for cross-examination as a means of separating truth from falsehood, and of reducing exaggerated statements to their true dimensions.
To this day, the account given by Plato of Socrates’ cross-examination of his accuser,
Miletus, while defending himself against the capital charge of corrupting the youth of Athens, may be quoted as a masterpiece in the art of cross-questioning.
Cross-examination is generally considered to be the most difficult branch of the multifarious duties of the advocate. Success in the art, as some- one has said, comes more often to the happy possessor of a genius for it. Great lawyers have often failed lamentably in it, while marvelous success has crowned the efforts of those who might otherwise have been regarded as of a mediocre grade in the profession. Yet personal experience and the emulation of others trained in the art are the surest means of obtaining proficiency in this all-important pre-requisite of a competent trial lawyer.
It requires the greatest ingenuity; a habit of logical thought; clearness of perception in general; infinite patience and self-control; power to read men's minds intuitively, to judge of their characters by their faces, appreciate their motives; ability to act with force and precision; a masterful knowledge of the subject-matter itself; an extreme caution; and, above all, the instinct to discover the weak point in the witness under examination.

  1. To show the genius of Socrates displayed in his cross questioning.

  2. To show how ancient the art of cross questioning is.

  3. To show that Socrates' cross questioning stands as an example even in modern times.

  4. To show the technique of cross questioning remains the same whether in ancient or modern times.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The passage says that “…..may be quoted as a masterpiece in the Art of cross-questioning” which makes it clear that Socrates' cross questioning is an example even in modern times. The example is relevant even in today's times.

This answer choice is correct. Socrates' example is quoted even today because it can be used as an example for people who practice cross questioning even today.

Multiple choice

Habeas Corpus is

  1. an order from a higher court to stop proceedings in a case and follow the specified alternative course

  2. an order from a court to any official to show his right to the office

  3. an order from a superior court to a lower court to do a specific work

  4. an order from the court to produce the man held under illegal detention

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Habeas Corpus literally means 'you may have the body' - it is a court order issued to produce a person illegally detained and set them free if detention is unlawful. It is the most important writ protecting individual liberty. Option A describes prohibition, B describes quo warranto, and C describes certiorari.