Law Legal Studies · Civics Polity

Legal Principles and Doctrines

2,603 Questions

Legal principles and doctrines establish the foundational rules of jurisprudence and civil rights. Questions cover constitutional reasonable restrictions, courtroom evidence standards, and property laws. These topics are strictly necessary for law legal studies exams and judicial services prelims.

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Legal Principles and Doctrines Questions

Multiple choice technology

What are the different actions performed by MFA rules?

  1. Alert

  2. Challenge

  3. Block

  4. All
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) rules can perform different security actions based on risk assessment: Alert (notify security), Challenge (require additional verification), or Block (prevent access). The correct answer is 'All' because MFA systems support all three response types depending on policy configuration.

Multiple choice technology

What are the different actions performed by MFA rules?

  1. Alert

  2. Challenge

  3. Block

  4. All
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) rules can perform different security actions based on risk assessment: Alert (notify security), Challenge (require additional verification), or Block (prevent access). The correct answer is 'All' because MFA systems support all three response types depending on policy configuration.

Multiple choice technology

Three main components of BAL rule?

  1. definitions

  2. preconditions

  3. conditions

  4. actions

  5. exceptions
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,C,D Correct answer
Explanation

The three main components of BAL (Business Action Language) rules are: definitions (declare variables and patterns), conditions (the when clause that tests criteria), and actions (the then clause that executes logic). Preconditions and exceptions are not considered part of the three main components in the BAL rule structure.

Multiple choice technology

when does ADR occurs for a CASE?

  1. Save and COntinue

  2. Save and Dispatch

  3. Save and Close

  4. Save and Viewdetails
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

ADR (likely Account Data Retrieval or similar business process term) occurs when you select 'Save and Dispatch' for a CASE. This action triggers the automated data retrieval process after saving the case information.

Multiple choice technology mainframe

What is TAR

  1. Terittory altering rules

  2. Tier altering rules

  3. Both

  4. None
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

TAR stands for Tier Altering Rules, which are the business rules that determine how policies are assigned to different tiers based on their scorecard results. 'Territory altering rules' is a plausible distractor but incorrect - territory rules use different terminology and logic in insurance systems.

Multiple choice technology

An Exigent Circumstance is…

  1. A phone call or email from an emergency response or law enforcement agency requesting Microsoft's Assistance

  2. A phone call or email regarding a live site issue that could result in data loss

  3. An incident that involves a non-MOC supported service.

  4. An incident that requires an EMT bridge to be spun up.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

An Exigent Circumstance in Microsoft operations refers to emergency situations requiring immediate action from law enforcement or emergency response agencies. Option A correctly identifies this as a phone call or email requesting Microsoft's assistance. Options B, C, and D describe different scenarios but don't match the standard definition of exigent circumstance.

Multiple choice technology

In OLA Watcher what does a C represent?

  1. A charge is open for this property

  2. A change is open for this property

  3. A case is open for this property

  4. A critical ticket is open for this property
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In OLA Watcher, C represents that a change is open for this property. This indicator is commonly used in IT operations contexts where change management is a critical process requiring visibility and tracking. Option A incorrectly suggests charge, and option C incorrectly suggests case.

Multiple choice technology mainframe

What is TAR

  1. Terittory altering rules

  2. Tier altering rules

  3. Both

  4. None
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

TAR stands for Tier Altering Rules in insurance systems. These rules define how policy tiers can be changed based on various factors. Option A has a typo ('Terittory' instead of 'Territory') and is incorrect. TAR is specifically about tier management, not territory rules.

Multiple choice technology mainframe

What is TAR

  1. Terittory altering rules

  2. Tier altering rules

  3. Both

  4. None
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

TAR stands for Tier Altering Rules, which is a system configuration related to modifying tier structures in the insurance policy system. Option A contains a spelling error ('Terittory' should be 'Territory') and refers to territory instead of tier, which is incorrect.

Multiple choice technology security

Non repudiation is a very desirable trait because

  1. It establishes traceability of every action to the doer

  2. In some critical situations it should be impossible to deny an action

  3. It is a forensic analysis mechanism

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Non-repudiation is a very desirable trait because it ensures that an action or transaction cannot be denied or disputed by the parties involved. Let's go through each option to understand why it is correct or incorrect:

Option A) It establishes traceability of every action to the doer - This option is correct because non-repudiation ensures that every action can be traced back to the person who performed it. This helps in establishing accountability and responsibility.

Option B) In some critical situations, it should be impossible to deny an action - This option is correct because non-repudiation prevents the ability to deny or dispute an action, especially in critical situations. This is important to ensure trust and reliability in such scenarios.

Option C) It is a forensic analysis mechanism - This option is incorrect. While non-repudiation can be used as a tool in forensic analysis, it is not the primary purpose of non-repudiation. Non-repudiation primarily focuses on preventing denial of actions or transactions.

Option D) All of the above - This option is correct because all the statements mentioned in options A and B are true. Non-repudiation establishes traceability, prevents denial in critical situations, and can be used in forensic analysis.

Therefore, the correct answer is D) All of the above. Non-repudiation is desirable because it establishes traceability, prevents denial in critical situations, and can be used as a forensic analysis mechanism.

Multiple choice

Banking ombudsman may reject the complaint

  1. immediately after receipt

  2. after hearing both parties

  3. at any stage

  4. none of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Banking Ombudsman has the authority to reject complaints at any stage of the proceedings if they do not meet the specified criteria, such as being time-barred, not falling within the ombudsman's jurisdiction, or being frivolous/malicious in nature. This power ensures that only genuine and valid complaints proceed to resolution.

Multiple choice

Which of these, if true, would weaken the author's contention that cross examination is the best method?

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

It needs but the simple statement of the nature of cross-examination to demonstrate its indispensable character in all trials of questions of fact. No cause reaches the stage of litigation unless there are two sides to it. If the witnesses on one side deny or qualify the statements made by those on the other, which side is telling the truth? Not necessarily which side is offering perjured testimony,--there is far less intentional perjury in the courts than the inexperienced would believe,--but which side is honestly mistaken?--for, on the other hand, evidence itself is far less trustworthy than the public usually realizes. Which side of the opinions are warped by prejudice or blinded by ignorance? Which side has had the power or opportunity for correct observation? How shall we tell and make it apparent to a jury of disinterested men who are to decide between the litigants? Obviously, by means of cross-examination.
If all witnesses had the honesty and intelligence to come forward and scrupulously follow the letter as well as the spirit of the oath, "to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth," and if all advocates on either side had the necessary experience, combined with honesty and intelligence, and were similarly sworn to develop the whole truth and nothing but the truth, of course there would be no occasion for cross-examination, and the occupation of the cross-examiner would be gone. But as yet no substitute has ever been found for cross-examination as a means of separating truth from falsehood, and of reducing exaggerated statements to their true dimensions.
To this day, the account given by Plato of Socrates’ cross-examination of his accuser,
Miletus, while defending himself against the capital charge of corrupting the youth of Athens, may be quoted as a masterpiece in the art of cross-questioning.
Cross-examination is generally considered to be the most difficult branch of the multifarious duties of the advocate. Success in the art, as some- one has said, comes more often to the happy possessor of a genius for it. Great lawyers have often failed lamentably in it, while marvelous success has crowned the efforts of those who might otherwise have been regarded as of a mediocre grade in the profession. Yet personal experience and the emulation of others trained in the art are the surest means of obtaining proficiency in this all-important pre-requisite of a competent trial lawyer.
It requires the greatest ingenuity; a habit of logical thought; clearness of perception in general; infinite patience and self-control; power to read men's minds intuitively, to judge of their characters by their faces, appreciate their motives; ability to act with force and precision; a masterful knowledge of the subject-matter itself; an extreme caution; and, above all, the instinct to discover the weak point in the witness under examination.

  1. Cross examination is a time consuming process and involves a lot of effort.

  2. Cross examination may involve asking some sensitive questions to the witness which he may not answer.

  3. Cross examination can complicate a case and reach a wrong verdict at times.

  4. Cross examination can be used correctly only by those who are experts at it and not by all people.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The passage says that cross examination is the best way to solve a dispute between two parties. If however cross examination can complicate a case and reach a wrong verdict then it is not the best method.

This answer choice is correct. If cross examination leads to a wrong verdict at times, then it is not the best method to solve disputes.

Multiple choice

What is the central point of the passage?

Directions: Answer the given question based on the following passage:

It needs but the simple statement of the nature of cross-examination to demonstrate its indispensable character in all trials of questions of fact. No cause reaches the stage of litigation unless there are two sides to it. If the witnesses on one side deny or qualify the statements made by those on the other, which side is telling the truth? Not necessarily which side is offering perjured testimony,--there is far less intentional perjury in the courts than the inexperienced would believe,--but which side is honestly mistaken?--for, on the other hand, evidence itself is far less trustworthy than the public usually realizes. Which side of the opinions are warped by prejudice or blinded by ignorance? Which side has had the power or opportunity for correct observation? How shall we tell and make it apparent to a jury of disinterested men who are to decide between the litigants? Obviously, by means of cross-examination.
If all witnesses had the honesty and intelligence to come forward and scrupulously follow the letter as well as the spirit of the oath, "to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth," and if all advocates on either side had the necessary experience, combined with honesty and intelligence, and were similarly sworn to develop the whole truth and nothing but the truth, of course there would be no occasion for cross-examination, and the occupation of the cross-examiner would be gone. But as yet no substitute has ever been found for cross-examination as a means of separating truth from falsehood, and of reducing exaggerated statements to their true dimensions.
To this day, the account given by Plato of Socrates’ cross-examination of his accuser,
Miletus, while defending himself against the capital charge of corrupting the youth of Athens, may be quoted as a masterpiece in the art of cross-questioning.
Cross-examination is generally considered to be the most difficult branch of the multifarious duties of the advocate. Success in the art, as some- one has said, comes more often to the happy possessor of a genius for it. Great lawyers have often failed lamentably in it, while marvelous success has crowned the efforts of those who might otherwise have been regarded as of a mediocre grade in the profession. Yet personal experience and the emulation of others trained in the art are the surest means of obtaining proficiency in this all-important pre-requisite of a competent trial lawyer.
It requires the greatest ingenuity; a habit of logical thought; clearness of perception in general; infinite patience and self-control; power to read men's minds intuitively, to judge of their characters by their faces, appreciate their motives; ability to act with force and precision; a masterful knowledge of the subject-matter itself; an extreme caution; and, above all, the instinct to discover the weak point in the witness under examination.

  1. A cross questioning need logical thought, patience and self control and is considered difficult for most good lawyers.

  2. Cross questioning needs a quirky mind which sees beyond the obvious.

  3. Cross questioning is the best to arrive at the truth when two sides are in conflict.

  4. Cross questioning is suitable only for those who wish to arrive at the truth.

  5. Cross questioning is a way for every type of lawyer to get to the truth.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The central point of the passage is evident in the first paragraph which says that when there are two parties involved in a conflict the best way to arrive at the truth is by Cross questioning. According to the passage, cross questioning is a technique by which the dispute between two parties can be settled and the truth arrived at.

This answer choice is correct. The passage's main idea (which is stated in the first paragraph) is that cross questioning is the best technique when two sides are in dispute.