Civics Polity · Law Legal Studies

Judiciary and Legal Systems

1,782 Questions

Judiciary and legal systems form the framework for interpreting laws and delivering justice. Questions in this section explore judicial review, the hierarchy of courts, and the issuance of writs. This topic is crucial for polity and law prelims preparation.

Judicial reviewHigh courts structureIssuance of writsSubordinate courtsPublic interest litigation

Judiciary and Legal Systems Questions

Multiple choice

Consider the following statements:

  1. Not every case of dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of civil posts requires inquiry.
  2. The provision under Art. 311(1) is only applicable to a civil servant.
  3. The disputes related to condition of service of public servant is not settled in civil courts. Which of these statements is / are correct?

  1. Only 1

  2. 1 and 2

  3. 2 and 3

  4. 1, 2 and 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Statement 1 is correct. Inquiry is not held when:

The conduct of a person has led to its conviction on a criminal charge.
The authority empowered to dismiss, remove or reduce a person in rank is satisfied that such inquiry is not practical.
The President or the Governor is satisfied that such inquiry is not in the interest of the security of state.
Statement 2 is correct. Art.311 (2) is for protecting a civil servant from the caprices of officers of inferior rank. Statement 3 is correct. Such disputes are adjudicated under the Administrative Tribunal of Union or state.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

(1) Finance Commission has all powers of the civil court as per the Court of Civil Procedure, 1908. (2) The manner in which a Finance Commission member is to be selected is statutory in nature.
(3) Finance Commission can ask for the production of any public record or document from any court or office.

  1. (1) and (2)

  2. (2) and (3)

  3. Only (3)

  4. (1), (2) and (3)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Statement (1) is correct. The Commission has the power to determine their own procedure and has all powers of the civil court as per the Court of Civil Procedure, 1908. The Commission can summon and enforce the attendance of any witness or ask any person to deliver information or produce a document, which it deems relevant.

Statement (2) is correct. The Finance Commission (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1951 lays down rules regarding qualification and disqualification of members of the Commission, their appointment, term, eligibility and powers. Statement (3) is correct. The Commission has the power to determine their own procedure and has all powers of the civil court as per the Court of Civil Procedure, 1908.The Commission can summon and enforce the attendance of any witness or ask any person to deliver information or produce a document, which deems relevant to it.

Multiple choice

The salaries of the Judges of the Supreme Court are charged to the Consolidated Fund of India to ensure that

  1. they get their salaries temporarily

  2. the Parliament does not reduce their salaries

  3. they get their salaries on the basis of their duty

  4. they dispense justice impartially
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

 The Consolidated Fund of India (CFI) has two ways of meeting finances for the Government. The Expenditure Charged on CFI which generally deals with expenditures mentioned in the constitution itself. For example the salary and allowances. The reason why Parliament isn't allowed to vote on this 'charged' expenditure is to allow financial independence and security to the executive and judiciary during the term of their office.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements regarding the advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is/are correct?

I. It is binding on the Supreme Court to give its opinion on any matter referred to it by the President. II. The full bench of the Supreme Court hears any reference made to it under its power of advisory jurisdiction. III. The opinion given by the Supreme Court on a reference under advisory jurisdiction is not binding on the government. IV. Not more than one reference at a time can be made to the Supreme Court under its power of advisory jurisdiction.

  1. Only I

  2. Only II

  3. I and III

  4. II and III
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Supreme Court has special advisory jurisdiction in matters which may specifically be referred to it by the President of India under Article 143 of the Constitution.

Multiple choice

An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment of a High Court if the High Court

  1. has, on appeal, reversed an order of acquittal of an accused person and sentenced him to death
  2. certifies that the case is a fit one for appeal to the Supreme Court
  3. has withdrawn for trial before itself any case from any subordinate court and has convicted the accused person and sentenced him to death

Which of the following reasons/conditions hold(s) true?

  1. Only 2

  2. 1 and 2

  3. 1 and 3

  4. 1, 2 and 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In criminal cases, an appeal lies to the Supreme Court if the High Court

(1) has, on appeal, reversed an order of acquittal of an accused person and sentenced him to death or to imprisonment for life or for a period of not less than 10 years, or

(2) has withdrawn for trial before itself any case from any Court subordinate to its authority and has in such trial convicted the accused and sentenced him to death or to imprisonment for life or for a period of not less than 10 years, or
(3) certified that the case is a fit one for appeal to the Supreme Court. The Parliament is authorised to confer on the Supreme Court any further powers to entertain and hear appeals from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court.

Multiple choice

An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgement of a High Court if the High Court

  1. has on appeal, reversed an order of acquittal of an accused person and sentenced him to death

  2. certifies that the case is a fit one for appeal to the Supreme Court

  3. has withdrawn for trial before itself any case from any subordinate court and has convicted the accused person and sentenced him to death

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgement of a High Court if the High Court has on appeal, reversed an order of acquittal of an accused person and sentenced him to death or certifies that the case is a fit one for appeal to the Supreme Court or has withdrawn for trial before itself any case from any subordinate court and has convicted the accused person and sentenced him to death.

Multiple choice

The Supreme Court is a court of record. This means

  1. all decisions of the Supreme Court are recorded

  2. all statements of the Supreme Court are binding law

  3. power to punish for its contempt

  4. Both (2) and (3)

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Supreme Court shall be a court of record means all statements of the Supreme Court are binding law and shall have all the powers of such a court including the power to punish for contempt of itself.

Multiple choice

What is appellate jurisdiction?

  1. Jurisdiction to hear suits

  2. Jurisdiction not to hear cases

  3. Jurisdiction to hear appeals

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

It is right. Appellate jurisdiction means power to hear appeals.