Civics Polity · Law Legal Studies

Judiciary and Legal Systems

1,814 Questions

Judiciary and legal systems form the framework for interpreting laws and delivering justice. Questions in this section explore judicial review, the hierarchy of courts, and the issuance of writs. This topic is crucial for polity and law prelims preparation.

Judicial reviewHigh courts structureIssuance of writsSubordinate courtsPublic interest litigation

Judiciary and Legal Systems Questions

Multiple choice

The Judges of the International Court of Justice are elected by the

  1. General Assembly on its own discretion

  2. Security Council

  3. General Assembly upon recommendation of the Security Council

  4. General Assembly and the Security Council, independently of each other
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The members of the Court shall be elected by the General Assembly and by the Security Council from a list of persons nominated by the national groups in the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

Multiple choice

As per Workmen’s Compensation Act, a commissioner may, if he thinks fit, submit any question of law for the decision of

  1. Supreme Court

  2. High Court

  3. District Judge

  4. Industrial Tribunal
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

As per section 27 of Workmens Compensation Act, 1923

Power of submit cases,

A Commissioner may, if he thinks fit, submit any question of law for the decision of the High Court and, if he does so, shall decide the question in conformity with such decision.

Multiple choice

The Cyber Appellate Tribunal was initially known as the

  1. Cyber Regulations Appellate Tribunal

  2. Cyber Regulations Appellate Board

  3. Cyber Appellate Council

  4. Cyber Appellate Board
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cyber Appellate Tribunal has been established under the Information Technology Act under the aegis of the Controller of Certifying Authorities (C.C.A.). The first and the only Cyber Appellate Tribunal in the country has been established by the Central Government in accordance with the provisions contained under Section 48(1) of the Information Technology Act, 2000. The Tribunal, initially known as the Cyber Regulations Appellate Tribunal (C.R.A.T.), started functioning from October 2006.

Multiple choice

An appeal may be made to the Cyber Appellate Tribunal against the order of

  1. controller or an adjudicating officer

  2. certifying authority

  3. central government

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Any person aggrieved by an order made by the controller or by an adjudicating officer appointed under the Information Technology Act, 2000 can prefer an appeal before the Tribunal within 45 days of receiving a copy of the order of the controller or the adjudicating officer.

Multiple choice

The concept of post-decisional hearing was evolved in the case of

  1. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India

  2. State of Punjab v. Baktawat Singh

  3. Liberty Oil Mills v. Union of India

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Post-decisional hearing takes place where it may not be feasible to hold pre-decisional hearing. This principle was laid down in Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India. This post-decisional hearing cannot be treated as a substitute of pre-decisional hearing, the reason being that for the aggrieved person, pre-decisional hearing affords such better safeguards.

Multiple choice

The idea of post-decisional hearing has been developed to

  1. establish supremacy of the Supreme Court

  2. have a democratic society

  3. maintain a balance between administrative efficiency and fairness

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Post-decisional hearing takes place where it may not be feasible to hold pre-decisional hearing. This principle was laid down in Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India. This post decisional hearing cannot be treated as a substitute of pre-decisional hearing, the reason being that for the aggrieved person, pre-decisional hearing affords such better safeguards.

Multiple choice

Administrative Tribunal exercises

  1. purely administrative functions

  2. purely judicial functions

  3. purely legislative functions

  4. quasi judicial functions
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Administrative Tribunal exercises quasi judicial functions. A quasi-judicial body is an entity such as an arbitrator or tribunal board, generally of a public administrative agency, which has powers and procedures resembling those of a court of law or judge.

Multiple choice

Judicial review of an administrative action means

  1. review by the Parliament

  2. review by the Government

  3. review by the Legislative Assembly

  4. review by the Judiciary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Judicial review is the doctrine under which legislative and executive actions are subject to review by the judiciary.

Multiple choice

A judgement passed by a court can be reviewed by

  1. the court passing the judgement

  2. the court of District Judge

  3. the High Court

  4. the Supreme Court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

To review means to look back over something for evaluation. Hence it would always by the court passing the judgement.

Multiple choice

If within thirty days, the parties fail to appoint their arbitrators or the arbitrators fail to appoint the third arbitrator, then the arbitrator shall be appointed by the

  1. National Arbitration Council, New Delhi

  2. District Judge of the Local Court

  3. State Legal Services Authority of the State Concerned

  4. Chief Justice or a person/institution designated by him
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The arbitrator shall be appointed by the Chief Justice or a person/institute designed by him.