Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

The most recent development in light microscope is fluorescence microscopy. On October 8, 2014, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Eric Betzig, William Moerner and Stefan Hell for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy.

Correct match: (a) – (iii), (b) – (iv), (c) – (i), (d) – (ii)

The term 'taxon' was introduced by Adolf Meyer in 1926. While Linnaeus is the father of taxonomy, he did not coin this specific term.

The relay pump theory, which suggests that living cells in the xylem parenchyma act as pumps to move sap upward, was proposed by Godlewski and Westermeyer.

Correct Answer: Charles Babbage

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz developed the Stepped Reckoner in the late 17th century, which was a mechanical calculator capable of performing all four arithmetic operations and square roots.

Niklaus Wirth is the Swiss computer scientist who designed the Pascal programming language in the late 1960s.

Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments is credited with inventing the first integrated circuit in 1958. Robert Noyce independently developed a more practical version shortly after.

John Von Neuman was the man who came up with the idea of storing the data, after Charles Babbage invented a mechanical calculating machine, called Computer.  

John Von Neumann is credited with formalizing the stored-program concept in his 1945 paper, which describes the architecture used by most modern computers.

The invention of the first electronic computer is a subject of historical debate, with Zuse, Atanasoff, and Mauchly all contributing significant, distinct technological milestones.

Herman Hollerith developed the tabulating machine, which used punched cards to process data for the 1890 U.S. Census, significantly speeding up the tabulation process.

Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline in 1642, which is considered one of the first mechanical calculators.

Antoine Lavoisier is widely considered the father of modern chemistry. He is known for his work on the law of conservation of mass and the discovery of oxygen's role in combustion.

Faraday is most famous for discovering electromagnetic induction and formulating the laws of electrolysis, which are foundational physics concepts. While he also made important chemical discoveries like benzene, his electromagnetic work defines his legacy.