Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of cell and does not need oxygen. Its is a common process in all living beings. Glycolysis was discovered by three scientists namely, Embden, Meyerhof and Paranas. On their names, glycolysis is also called E.M.P. pathway.

René Théophile Hyacinthe Laennec invented the stethoscope in 1816 at the Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital in Paris. He was a French physician who pioneered the use of the device for auscultation.

Lewis Edson Waterman is credited with inventing the first practical fountain pen in 1884, which featured a reliable ink-feed system.

Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll invented the first electron microscope in 1931. Ruska later received the Nobel Prize in Physics for this work.

Christopher Latham Sholes is credited with inventing the first commercially successful typewriter in 1868. Samuel Colt is known for the revolver, J.B. Dunlop for the pneumatic tire, and Charles Babbage for the mechanical computer.

Barry Marshall and Robin Warren were awarded the Nobel Prize in 2005 for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.

William Oughtred is credited with inventing the slide rule in the 17th century, based on the logarithmic work of John Napier. Babbage is known for the Analytical Engine, Pascal for the mechanical calculator, and Napier for logarithms.

Howard Aiken, in collaboration with IBM, developed the Harvard Mark I, which was the first large-scale automatic digital computer to use electromechanical relays. Konrad Zuse's Z3 was also a relay computer, but Aiken's machine is historically cited in this context.

Augustus Waller is credited with recording the first human electrocardiogram in 1887. While Einthoven later refined the technology and won a Nobel Prize for it, Waller performed the first recording.

Sir Godfrey Hounsfield is widely recognized for the invention of the CT scanner, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in 1979.

He is credited with the discovery of oxygen, having isolated it in its gaseous state, although Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Antoine Lavoisier, also have a claim to the discovery.

Alexander Fleming in 1920 found that bacteria do not flourish in nutrient agar surrounded by the fungus Penicillium notatum westling. He found that this fungus produces an antibiotic called penicillin. There are many varieties of penicillin, with the empirical formula C₉H₁₁O₄SN₂R.

Leibnitz is the first person to make a mechnical device for the above given measurements and today it is known as the Calculator. That magnetic calculator is only used for basic operations.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is widely considered the father of microbiology and was the first to observe and describe bacteria and protozoa using his self-made microscopes.

Trofim Lysenko, a Soviet agronomist, is credited with describing the phenomenon of vernalization, which is the induction of a plant's flowering process by exposure to prolonged cold.