Indian Rivers and Waterways

The Ganga Action Plan was launched to clean the Ganga by intercepting sewage from 25 cities across Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal - the three states through which the main stem of the Ganga flows. Haryana and Punjab are not on the Ganga's main course. Himachal Pradesh is the source but not one of the main target states. Orissa is not on the Ganga's route.

Kuruthipunal is a Tamil action-thriller film title that translates to 'river of blood.' The tagline directly reflects the film's intense and violent themes, indicating the high stakes and deadly confrontations central to the plot.

The Volga River, the longest river in Europe, flows into the Caspian Sea. This inland sea is the largest enclosed inland body of water on Earth, bordered by Russia and several Central Asian countries.

The Damodar River is called 'Bengal's Sorrow' due to its history of devastating floods that caused widespread destruction in West Bengal and Jharkhand. The river's unpredictable flooding pattern earned it this melancholic nickname before dam projects tamed its flow.

Tehri Dam in Uttarakhand is the highest dam in India at 260.5 meters. Nagarjuna Sagar is one of the largest by reservoir capacity but not the tallest. Ukai and Tunga Bhadra are also major dams but shorter than Tehri.

Hesaraghatta Lake is a manmade reservoir built on the Arkavathy River to meet the drinking water needs of Bengaluru. Constructed in the 1890s, it was one of the earliest major water supply sources for the city. The Arkavathy River is a tributary of the Kaveri River and originates in the Nandi Hills.

Kerala has 41 west-flowing rivers that originate from the Western Ghats and drain into the Arabian Sea. These are relatively shorter rivers compared to the east-flowing ones due to the state's topography.

Karikala Chola, an early Chola king, built the Kallanai dam across the Kaveri River around 2nd century CE, making option C correct. This ancient dam, still functional today, is considered one of the oldest water-regulation structures in the world and is an engineering marvel.

Hirakud Dam (HIRA KUND DAM) in Odisha, India, is the longest major earthen dam in Asia, with a total length of 25.79 km including earthen dams, concrete dams, and dykes. The dam stretches across the Mahanadi River and was completed in 1957. The other options listed are not recognized as major dams in India.

Ayodhya, the holy city in Uttar Pradesh, is situated on the banks of the Saryu River (also known as Ghaghara). The river holds religious significance in Hindu mythology and is integral to Ayodhya's identity as a pilgrimage site.

Mathura, the birthplace of Lord Krishna, is situated on the banks of the Yamuna River. The city's location along this sacred river is central to its religious significance and numerous temple complexes.

Lucknow, the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, is situated on the banks of the Gomti River. The river is a tributary of the Ganga and flows through the heart of the city, contributing to its cultural and historical heritage.

Ahmedabad, the largest city in Gujarat, is situated on the banks of the Sabarmati River. The river is central to the city's identity and was the site of Gandhi's Dandi March commencement at Sabarmati Ashram.