Indian Polity and Governance

The Legislature (Parliament and State Legislatures) is the custodian of the national purse because it controls public finances through budgetary process. The Executive proposes expenditures but the Legislature must approve them through the budget and appropriations. This is a key principle of parliamentary democracy.

The Supreme Court has the authority to decide what constitutes an 'office of profit' under Article 102(1)(a) and 191(1)(a) of the Constitution. This disqualification provision has been judicially interpreted in several landmark cases, and the Court's word is final on whether a particular position falls under this category.

According to the Indian Constitution, the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) can be removed from office only in the same manner and on the same grounds as a judge of the Supreme Court, which requires an address from both Houses of Parliament.

A UPSC member can only be removed by the President after the Supreme Court, on inquiry, has found them guilty of misbehavior or incapacity. This is specified in Article 317 of the Constitution. The Supreme Court's inquiry is mandatory, and the President acts on its recommendation.

The Speaker of the Lok Sabha presides over a joint session. This is his/her special function/power.

Correct option is (4).

The Ashoka Chakra (Dharma Chakra) at the center of the Indian flag is navy blue. It represents the eternal wheel of law and dharma. The flag uses three colors: saffron, white, and green, with the chakra in navy blue at the center.

According to Article 61 of the Indian Constitution, when both President and Vice President offices are vacant, the Chief Justice of India (or the senior-most Supreme Court judge available) discharges the President's functions. This constitutional provision ensures continuity of the highest office. The Prime Minister and Home Minister do not have this constitutional authority, and the Speaker presides over Lok Sabha, not the executive.

The President of India is elected by an Electoral College comprising elected members of both Houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) and State Legislative Assemblies. Nominated members to either House of Parliament or State Legislatures are not part of this Electoral College. The election is conducted by the Election Commission using proportional representation.

In state legislative assembly, the Govemor inanities the frosty with majoring of seat to from the govt the govemor then appoints con.

Although the Constitution of India vests residuary powers in the Union Parliament (Centre), the final authority to interpret the Constitution and decide whether a specific matter falls under residuary powers rests with the Judiciary.

The President of India constitutes the Finance Commission every five years as per Article 280 of the Constitution. The Commission recommends financial relations between the Centre and states. The Chairman of Rajya Sabha, Prime Minister, and Speaker do not have this constitutional authority.

The Public Accounts Committee submits its report to the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, who then presents it to the House. The PAC examines budget allocations and government spending. The Prime Minister, President, and Vice President do not receive these reports directly.

The President of India appoints the Attorney General, who advises the Government of India on legal matters. The Attorney General must be qualified to be a Supreme Court judge. The Chief Justice, Law Minister, and Prime Minister do not make this appointment.