Indian Polity and Governance

The Constitution of India mentions Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha, Deputy Speaker of state legislative assemblies, and Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha. However, there is no constitutional post of Deputy Prime Minister - it is an executive designation conferred by the Prime Minister.

Under Article 54, the President is elected by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both Houses of Parliament and State Legislative Assemblies. For a nomination to be valid, it must be proposed by at least 10 electors (members of the electoral college) and seconded by another 10. This ensures broad support across the electoral college before a candidate can formally enter the presidential race.

Article 53 of the Constitution of India explicitly states that 'the executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President' making the President the constitutional head of state. The Prime Minister is the head of government (executive head), not the head of state. Parliament is the legislative body, not the head of state.

The President of India is the head of state (ceremonial head) while the Prime Minister is the head of government (executive head). This separation follows the parliamentary system where executive power vests in the PM and Council of Ministers.

The President appoints Governors (Article 156), High Court judges (Article 217), and various other officials. However, the Rajya Sabha Chairman is elected by members of the Rajya Sabha themselves, not appointed by the President.

Article 60 of the Constitution mandates that the Chief Justice of India administers the oath of office to the President. In the CJI's absence, the senior-most Supreme Court judge available performs this duty.

Under Article 106, Parliament determines the salaries and allowances of the Prime Minister, other Ministers, and MPs. This ensures executive remuneration is decided by the people's representatives, not the executive itself.

Article 226 states that High Court judges are appointed by the President after consultation with the Chief Justice of India, Governor, and Chief Justice of the High Court. The number of judges is determined by the President based on parliamentary legislation.

Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of Lok Sabha seats (80) and also the highest number of reserved seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The reservation percentage follows national patterns based on population demographics of SC/ST communities. UP's large population and significant SC/ST population mean it has both the most total and most reserved seats in absolute terms.

Article 156 of the Constitution states that the Governor of a State is appointed by the President and holds office during the pleasure of the President. The Governor is a nominal head of the state executive, representing the Centre in state matters. The appointment is made on the advice of the Prime Minister and the Union Cabinet.

Incorrect answer  The Prime Minister as well as the Home Minister do not have any powers to appoint the chairman and the members of Union Administrative Tribunal.

All of them are part of the Union Executive.

It is correct. The President addresses his resignation letter to the Vice-President.

All the statements are correct.

According to the Indian Constitution, the Council of Ministers is responsible for formulating and implementing both domestic and foreign policies. While the President is the head of the executive, actual policy formulation is done by the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) debates and approves policies but does not formulate them.